^ 97. IHE CELEBIATION )F Tilt EUCHARIST, 513
Tlie first principal act of tlie Anaphora is the great grayer of thanhsgiving, tlie evXoyia or €u-)(^apiaTia, after tlie example of Ihe Saviour in the institution of the Supper. In this prayer the priest thanks God for all the gifts of creation and of redemption, and the choir generally concludes the thanksgiving with the so-called Trisagion or Seraphic Hymn (Is. vi. 3), and the triumphal Hosanna (Matt. xx. 9) : " Holy, Holy, Holy Lord of Sabaoth ; heaven and earth are full of Thy glory. Hosanna in the highest : blessed is He that cometh in the name of tiio Lord : Hosanna in the highest."
Then follows the consecration and oblation of the elements, by the commemoration of the great facts in the life of Christ, by the rehearsing of the "Words of Institution from the Gospels or from Paul, and by the invocation of the Holy Ghost, who brings to pass the mysterious change of the bread and wine into the sacramental body and blood of Christ.' This invocation of the Holy Ghost ° appears in all the Oriental liturgies, but is wanting in the Latin church, which ascribes the consecration exclusively to the virtue of Christ's Words of Institution. The form of the Words of Institution is different in the different liturgies.' The elevation of the consecrated elements was introduced in the Latin church, though not till after the Berengarian controversies in the eleventh century, to give the people occasion to show, by the adoration of the host, their faith in the real presence of Christ in the sacrament.
yovv. All (TrafTsy): "K^o fi.€V irphs rov Ki^pior'. — ^vxo.pto'TTiffwfJiv tS Kvpia Resp. : "Alio;/ Kal dtKaiov. In the Lit. S. Chrys. (still in use in the orthodox Greek and Russian church) :
'O iepevs' "A vet trxiuf Ta$ /capSi'ay.
'OxoptJj' ''Exo/J.fi'TrphsrhvKvptoT.
'O iepevs' Y.vxaptOTfi(T(eiJ.ev Ti^ Kvpicf).
'O xopo"' 'Aliov K al S ! Kat ov e <ttI tt pocr Kvvflv Tlar f pa, Tihv, Kal iiyiov tlv eii fia, TptdSa 6 fio ov a toy Kal axiii p ^ot ov .
' Hence it is said, for example, in the Syriac version of the Liturgy of St. James : " How dreadful is this hour, in which tLe Holy Ghost hastcnrf to come down from the heights of heaven, and broods over the Eucharist, and sanctifies it. In htly silence and fear stand and pray."
' 'E7ri«A.r)(ns UviVfjLaro^ ay'tov, invocatio Spiritus Sancti.
' They are collected by Neale, in his English edition of the Primitive Liturgies, pp. 175-215, from 67 ancient liturgies in alphabetical order. Freeman says, rather
514 THIKD PKEIOD. A.D. 311-590.
To add an example: Tlie j. rayer of consecration and ol)la ijon in one of the oldest and most important of the liturgies, that of St. James, runs thus: After the "Words of Institutinn tlie priest proceeds :
^^ Priest: We sinners, remembering His life-jriving passion, His saving cross, nis death, and His resurrection from the dead on the third day, His ascension to lieaven, and His sitting at the right hand of Thee His God and Father, and His glorious and terrible second appearing, when He shall come in glory to judge the quick and the dead, and to render to every man according to his works, — offer to Tliee, O Lord, tliis awful and unbloody sacrifice ; ' beseeching Thee that Thou wouldst deal with us not after our sins nor reward us according to our iniquities, but according to Thy goodness and unspeakable love to men wouldst blot out the handwriting which is against us Thy suppliants, and wouldst vouchsafe to us Thy heavenly and eternal gifts, which eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither hath it entered into the heart of man what Thou, O God, hast prepared for thera that love Thee. And reject not Thy people, O loving Lord, for my sake and on account of my sins.
Me repeats thrice: For Thy people and Thy Church prayeth to Thee.
People: Have mercy upon us, 0 Lord God, almigJity Father !
Priest: Havt mercy upon us, almiglity God!
Have mercy upon us, O God, our Redeemer ! Have mercy upon us, O God, according to Thy great mercy, and send upon us, and upon these gifts here present, Tliy must holy Spirit, Lord, Giver of life, who with Thee the God and Father, and with Thine only begotten Son, sitteth and reigneth upon one throne, and is of the same essence and co-eternal,* who spoke m the law and in the prophets, and in Thy new covenant, who descended in the form of a dove upon our Lord Jesus Christ in the river Jordan, and rested upon Him, who came down upon Thy holy apostles in the form of tongues of tire in the upper
too strongly, 1. c. p. 364 : " No two churches in the world have even the same Words of Institution."
* Ylpo(i(pipofxfv <Toi, AtairoTa, ttjj' (po^^pav TavT7]t> ical avaiuaKrov ^va'iav. The term (po^fpa denotes holy awe, and is previously ai)i)lied also to the second coming of Christ : T^s Sevrtpas tvSd^ov Ka\ <pu$epas aiWov irapovaias, SC. lx(ixvt]aivoi. The Liturgy of St. Chrysostom has instead: Xlpo(T<p(poixfv aoi tvv XoyiK^iiv Tavrrfv ktX avainaKTov Karpelav (doubtl iss with reference to tlif ^ojikti Xurpeta in Rom. xiL
' 'E^airoarfiAoi' i<p' rjiaui Ka\ «7ri ra -rpoKfififvu. bciipa toDto rh Tlvtvua ffov ri Kavayioy, [tZra KKivas TCf aiix^fti Af7€i"] t^ Kvpiov koi ^woiroibv, ^'b avibpovov no\ Tw @fu> not rTaxpl, Koi toJ nofoyevu crov Ti6?, Tt) ffvnPa(n\fvoi', rh S^jlooix ffioc T€ Kal aufaiSiov. The btxoovaiov, as well as the Niccnc Creed in the preceding part of the Liturgy of St. James, indicates clearly a post-Niccne origin.