§ 132. THE ATHANASIAN CREED.
revelation in time. The Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father alone (though through the Son) ; but was sent by the Father and the Son on the day of Pentecost. Hence the present tense is used of the former (John 15 : 26), and the future of the latter (14 : 26 ; 15 : 26). The Greek Church is concerned for the dignity and sovereignty of the Father, as the only source and root of the Deity. The Latin Church is concerned for the dignity of the Son, as being of one substance with the Father, and infers the double procession from the double mission.
§ 132. The Athanasian Creed.
G. JoH. Voss (Reform) : De tribus symbolis, diss. ii. 1642, and in his Opera Omnia, Amstel. 1701 (forming an epoch in critical investigation). Archbishop Usheb : De symbolis. 1647. J. H. Hetdeggek (Eef.) : De symbolo Athanasiano. Zlir. 1680. Em. TENTzel (Luth.) : Judicia eruditorum de Symb. Atlian.studiose collecta. Goth. 1687. MoNTFAXJCON (K. C.) : Diatribe in Symbolum Quicunque, in the Benedictine ed. of the Opera Athanasii, Par. 1698, tom. ii. pp. 719-735. Dan. Wateeland (Anglican) : A Critical History of the Athanasian Creed. Cambridge, 1724, sec. ed. 1728 (in Waterland's Works, ed. Mildert, vol. iii. pp. 97-270, Oxf. 1843). Dom. M. Speroni (E. C.) : De symbolo vulgo S. Athanasii. Diss. i. and ii. Patav. 1750-51. E. KoiiLNEK (Luth.) rSymbolik aller christl. Confessionen. Hamb. Vol. i. 1837, pp. 53-92. W. W. Harvey (Angl.) : The History and Theology of the Three Creeds. Lond. 1854, vol. ii. pp. 541-695. Ph. Schaff : The Athanasian Creed, in the Am. Theolog. Review, New York, 1866, pp. 584-625. (Comp. the earlier literature, in chronological order, in Waterland, 1. c. p. 108 ff., and in Kollner).
[Comp. here the notes in Appendix, p. 1034, and the later and fuller treatment in Schaff : Ci-eeds of Christendom, N. York, 4th ed., 1884, vol. i. 34-42 ; vol. ii. 66-72, with the facsimile of the oldest MS. of the Athan. Creed in the Utrecht Psalter, ii. 555 sq. The rediscovery of that MS. in 1873 occasioned a more thorough critical investigation of the whole subject, with the result that the Utrecht Psalter dates from the ninth century, and that there is no evidence that the pseudo- Athanasian Creed, in its present complete form, existed before the age of Charlemagne. The statements in this section which assume an earlier origin, must be modified accordingly. Added 1889.]
The post-Nicene or Augustinian doctrine of the Trinity ; reached its classic statement in the third and last of the ecu-
090 TUIKD PERIOD. A.D, 311-500.
nienical confe&sions, called the Symholum Athanasianum, or, as it is also named from its initial words, tlie Syniholmn Qui' cumqiie ; beyond which the ortliodox development of the ductiine in the Roman and Evangelical churches to this day has made no advance.' This Creed is unsurpassed as a masterpiece of logical clearness, rigor, and precision ; and so far as it is possible at all to state in limited dialectic form, and to protect against heresy, the inexhaustil»le depths of a mystery of faith into which the angels desire to look, this litm-gical theological confession achieves the task. We give it here in full, anticipating the results of the Christological controversies ; and we append parallel passages from Augustine and other older writers, which the unknown autlior has used, in Bome cases word for word, and has woven with great dexterity into an organic whole."
1. Quicumque vult salvus esse, ante 1. Whosoever will be saved, before omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam all things it is necessary that he hold the fidem.* catholic [true Christian] faith.
2. Quum nisi quisque integram in- 2. Which faith except every one do ■violatamquc'' servaverit, absque dubio ' keep wliolc and undelilcd, without doubt in seternum pcribit. he shall perish everlastingly.
R, Fides autem catholica hai3 est, ut 3. But this is the catholic faith :
' In striking contrast with this unquestionable historical eminence of this Creed 18 Kaur's slighting treatment of it in his work of three volumes on the history of the doctrine of the Triuitj', where he disposes of it in a brief note, vol. ii. p. 33, as a vain attempt to vindicate by logical categories the harsh and irreconcilable antagonism of unity and triad.
' In the Latin text we follow chiefly the careful revision of Watcrland, ch. ix. (Works, vol. iii. p. 221 ff.), who also adds the various readings of the best manuscripts, and several parallel passages from the church fathers previous to 430, as he pushes the composition back before the third ecumenical council (431). We have also compared the text of Montfaucon (in his edition of Athanasius) and of Walch (Christl. Concordienbuch, 1750). The numbering of verses differs after ver. I'.i Watcrland puts vers. 19 and 20 in one, also vers. 25 and 26, 39 and 40, 41 and 42, makin"- only forty verses in all So Montfaucon, p. 735 tf. Wakh makes fortyfour verses.
* Corap. Augustine, Contra Maximin. Arian. 1. ii. c. 3 (Opera, torn. viii. f. 72V, cd. Venet.): "Haec est fides nostra, quoniam ha!C est fides recta, quae etiam cathot Ilea nuncupatur."
* Some manuscripts: * inviolabilemque."
* " Abs(iue dubio " is wanting in the Cod. rog. Turls., according to Waterlani