§67. SOURCES AND LITERATURE. 305
LEO ALLATIUS (Allacci, a Greek of Chios, but converted to the Roman Church and guardian of the Vatican library, d. 1669): De eccletice Occident, atquc orient, perpctua conscnsione. Cologne, 1648, 4to. ; new ed. 1665 and 161)4. Also his d'nrcia orthodoxa, 1659, 2 vols., new ed. by Liimmer, Freib. i. B. 1864 sq. ; and his special tracts on Pur gatory (Rom. 1655), and on the Procession of the Holy Spirit (Rom. 1658).
MAIMBURG : Hist, du schisme des Grecs. Paris, 1677, 4to.
STEPH. DE ALTIMURA (Mich, le Quien) : Panoplia contra schisma Grcecorum. Par. 1718, 4to.
MICHAEL LE QUIEN (d. 1733) : Oriens Christianus. Par. 1740, 3 vols. fol.
Abbe JACJER : Histoirc de Photius d'aprcs les monuments originaux. 2nd ed. Par. 1845.
LUIGI TOSTI: /Storia deW origine ddlo scisma grcco. Fircnze, 1856.
2 vols.
H. LAMMER : Papst Nikolaus I. und die byzantinische Staatskirche seiner Zdt. Berlin, 1857.
AD. D' AVRIL : Documents rclatifs aax cgliscs dc V Orient, consider^ dans Icur rapports avec le saint-sitge de Rome. Paris, 1862.
KARL WERNER : Geschichte dcr apol. und polemischcn Litcratur. Schaffhausen, 1864, vol. III. 3 ff.
J. HERGENROTHER (Prof, of Church History in Wiirzburg, now Cardi nal in Rome) : Photius, Patriarch von Constantinopcl. Scin Lcben, seme Schriften und das griechische Schisma. Regensburg, 1867-1869,
3 vols.
C. Jos. VON HEFELE (Bishop of Rottenburg) : Concilicngeschichte. Frei burg i. B., vols. IV., V., VI., VII. (revised ed. 1879 sqq.)
III. PROTESTANT writers :
J. G. WALCH (Luth. ) : IFistoria controversial- Grcccorum Latinorumque de Proccssione Sp. S. Jena, 1751.
GIBBON: Decline and Fall, etc., Ch. LX. He views the schism as one of the causes which precipitated the decline and fall of the Roman empire in the East by alienating its most useful allies and strength ening its most dangerous enemies.
JOHN MASON NEALE (Anglican) : A History of the Holy Eastern Church. Lond. 1850. Introd. vol. II. 1093-1169.
EDMUND S. FOULKES (Anglic.) : An Historical Account of the Addition of the word Filioqne to the Creed of the West. Lond. 1867.
W. GASS: Symbolik dcr gricchischcn Kirche. Berlin, 1872.
H. B. SWETE (Anglic.) : Early History of the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit, Cambr. 1873 ; and History of the Doctrine of the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Apost. Age to the Death of Charlemagne. Cambr. 1876.
306 FOURTH PERIOD. , A. D. 590-1049.
IV. OLD CATHOLIC WRITERS (irenical) :
JOSEPH LANGEN : Die Trinitarische Lehrdijferenz zwischen der abendlandischen und der morgenlandischen Kirche. Bonn, 1876.
The Proceedings of the second Old Catholic Union-Conference in Bonn, 1875, ed. in German by HEINRICH REUSCH ; English ed. with intro duction by Canon LIDDOX (Lond. 1876) ; Amer. ed. transl. by Dr. SAMUEL BUEL, with introduction by Dr. R. NEVIN (N. Y. 1876). The union-theses of Bonn are given in SCHAFF : Creeds of Christen dom, vol. II., 545-550.
§ 68. The Consensus and Dissensus between the Greek and Latin
Churches.
No two churches in the world are at this day so much alike, and yet so averse to each other as the Oriental or Greek, and the Occidental or Roman. They hold, as an inheritance from the patristic age, essentially the same body of doctrine, the same canons of discipline, the same form of worship ; and yet their antagonism seems irreconcilable. The very affinity breeds jealousy and friction. They are equally exclusive : the Oriental Church claims exclusive orthodoxy, and looks upon Western Christendom as heretical ; the Roman Church claims exclusive catholicity, and considers all other churches as heretical or schismatical sects. The one is proud of her creed, the other of her dominion. In all the points of controversy between Romanism and Protestantism the Greek Church is much nearer the Roman, and yet there is no more prospect of a union between them than of a union between Rome and Geneva, or Moscow and Oxford. The Pope and the Czar are the two most powerful rival-despots in Christendom. Where the two churches meet in closest prox imity, over the traditional spots of the birth and tomb of our Saviour, at Bethlehem and Jerusalem, they hate each other most bitterly, and their ignorant and bigoted monks have to be kept from violent collision by Mohammedan soldiers.
I. Let us first briefly glance at the consensus. Both churches own the Nicene creed (with the exception of the Filioque), and all the doctrinal decrees of the seven cecu-