§ 158. St. Paulinus of Aquileia.
I. Sanctus PAULINUS, patriarcha Aquileiemis : Opera omnia, in Migne,
Tom. XCIX. col. 9-684, reprint of Madrisius' ed., Venice, 1737, folio, 2d ed. 1782. His poems are given by DUMMLER : Poet. Lat. cevi Carolini I. (Berlin, 1880), pp. 123-148.
II. Vita raulini, by Madrisius in Mignc's ed. col. 17-130. Cf. Du PIN, VI. 124. CEILLIER, XII. 157-164. Hist. I'M. de la France, IV. 284-295; BAHR: Geschichte der romischen Literatur im Karolinyischen Zeitalter, Carlsruhe, 1840 (pp. 88, 356-359); EBERT, II., 89-91.
PAULINUS, patriarch of Aquileia, was born about 726 l in Forum Julii, now Friuli, near Venice. He entered the priest hood, was employed in teaching and arrived at eminence as a scholar. He played a prominent part in the affairs of his country, and his services in suppressing a Lombard insurrec tion met, in the year 776, with recognition and reward by Charlemagne, who gave him an estate and in 787 elevated him to the patriarchal see of Aquileia.2 He carried on a suc cessful mission among the Carinthians, a tribe which lived near Aquileia, and also another among their neighbors, the Avari (the Huns).3 He opposed with vigor the Adoptionists, and his writings contributed much to the extinction of the sect. He lived entirely for God and his church, and won the hearts of his spiritual children. Perhaps the most striking proof of his virtue is the warm friendship which existed between him self and Alcuin. The latter is very enthusiastic in his praise of the learning and accomplishments of Paulinus. Charle magne seems to have valued him no less.4 With such encour agement Paulinus led a busy and fruitful life, participating in synods and managing wisely his see until his death on January
1 Migne, /. c. Vita II. v. (col. 30, 1. 4). 2 Jaffe, Mon. Ah., p. 162.
3 At the request of Alcuin he wrote explicit directions for their conversion and baptism. Ebert ii. p. 89. Mon. Ale., ed. Jafle, p. 311-318. Ale. Epist. 56. Ed. Migne, Epist. 39 (C. col. 198).
4 Madrisius devotes a chapter of his biography to Paulinas' friendships with the illustrious men of his time. Migne, /. c. Vita, XVI. (col. 109-117).
682 FOURTH PEKIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
11, 804.1 Very soon thereafter he was popularly numbered among the saints,2 and stories began to be told of his miracu lous powers.3 His bones were deposited in the high altar of the collegiate church of Friuli, or as the place was called Civitas Austriao. The church underwent repairs, and his bones were for a time laid by those of the martyr Donatus, but at length on January 26, 1734, they were separated and with much pomp placed in the chapel under the choir of the great basilica of Friuli.4
The writings of Paulinos comprise (1) Brief treatise against Elipandus? archbishop of Toledo and primate of Spain, who is generally regarded as the father of Adoptionism. It was issued in the name of the council of Frankfort-on-the-Main (794), and sent into Spain. It was first published by Jean de Tillet, in 1549. (2) Three books against Felix of Urgel,6 also against the Adoptionists. It was prepared in 796 by order of Charlemagne, and probably submitted to Alcuin, agreeably to the author's request.7 It is the most important work of Paulinus, though by no means the best in point of style. The Felix addressed was bishop of Urgel and the leader of the Adoptionists. Paulinus refutes the heretics by quotations of Scripture and the Fathers. The work is elabor ately annotated by Madrisius, and thus rendered much more intelligible.8 (3) A deliverance by the council of Friuli, held in 796, upon the Trinity and the Incarnation.9 (4) An exhor-
1 Migne, 1. c. col. 149,1. 2. 2 Vita XVII. iii. (col. 118).
3 Ibid. XIV. xvi. (col 100).
4 Ibid. XVII. vii viii. (col. 123-126) Madrisius prints the oration deliv ered on the latter occasion (col. 133-142).
5 LibeUus sacrosyllabus contra Elipandum, Migne, XCIX. col. 151-166.
6 Contra Felicem Urgellitanum episcopum libri tres., ibid. col. 343-468.
7 Ibid. col. 468,1. 12.
8 The writings of Felix and Elipandus are found in Migne, Pair. Lat. XCVI.
9 Concilium Forojuliense, Migne, XCIX. col. 283-302.