g 158. ST. PAULINUS OF AQUILEIA. 683
tation to virtue? addressed to Henry, count or duke of FriulL It was written about 795, and consists of sixty-six chapters upon the virtues to be practiced and the vices to be shunned by the duke. The style is excellent. The work was once claimed for Augustin, but this is now conceded to be an error. Nine of the chapters (x.-xv. xvii.-xix.) are copied from The contem plative life, a work by Pomerius, a Gallican churchman of the fifth century. On the other hand, chapters xx.— xlv. have been plagiarized in an Admonitio ad filium spiritualcm which was long supposed to be by Basil the Great.2
(5) Epistles, (a) To Heistulfus,3 who had murdered his wife on a charge of adultery preferred against her by a man of bad character. It was written from Frankfort, in 794. during the
* * O
council mentioned above. Paulinas sternly rebukes Heistulfus for his crime, and tells him that if he would be saved he must either enter a monastery or lead a life of perpetual penitence, of which he gives an interesting description. The letter passed into the Canon Law about 866.4 It has been falsely attributed to Stephen V.5 (b) To Charlemagne,6 an account of the council of Altinum7 in 803. (c) Fragments of three other letters to Charlemagne, and of one (probably) to Leo III.8
(6) Verses, (a) The rule of faith,9 a poem of one hundred and fifty-one hexameters, devoid of poetical merit, in which along with a statement of his belief in the Trinity and the In carnation Paul inns gives a curious description of Paradise and of Gehenna, and to the latter sends the heretics, several of whom he names, (b) Hymns and verses™ upon different subjects. (c) A poem on duke Eric.11
1 Liber exhortationis, ibid. col. 197-282. * Col. 206, 212 n. a.
3 Ibid. col. 181-186.
4 Smith and Wace, Did. Christ. Biog. s. v. Heistulfns.
5 Madrisius in Migne, I. c. col. 185. 6 Ibid. col. 511-516.
7 The present Altino, a town on the Adriatic, near Venice.
8 Migne, /. c. col. 503-510. fl De regulafidei, ibid. col. 467-472. 10 Hymni et rliythmi, ibid. col. 479-504.
» De Herico duce, ibid. col. 685-686.
684 FOUETH PEKIOD. A.D. 590-1049.
(7) A Mass.1
(8) The preface to a tract upon repentance,2 which enjoins confession to God in tender words.
(9) A treatise upon baptism.3
§ 159. Alcuin.
I. Beatus FLACCTJS ALBINTJS seu ALCUINUS: Opera omnia, Migne,
Tom. C. CI., reprint of the ed. of FROBENIUS. Eatisbon, 1772, 2 vols. fol. Monumenta Alcuiniana, a P. Jaff£ preparata, ed. WATTEN- BACH et DUEMMLER (vol. vi. Bibliotheca rerum germanicarum). Berlin, 1773. It contains his letters, poems and life of Willibrord. His poems ( Carmina) have been separately edited by E. Diimmler in Poetx Latini aevi Carolini, I. 1. 169-351, and some additional poe try is given in Addenda, Tom. II. 692.
II. Vita (Migne, C. col. 89-106), anonymous, but probably by a monk of Ferrieres, based upon information given by Sigulf, Alcuin's pupil and successor as abbot of Ferrieres. De vita B. F> Albini seu Alcuini commentatio (col. 17-90), by FROBEN, for the most part an expan sion of the former by the introduction of discussions upon many points. Eulogium historicum Beati Alcuini (CI. col. 1416-1442), by Mabillon. Of interest and value also are the Testimonia veterum et quorumdam recentiorum scriptorum (col. 121-134), brief notices of Alcuin by contemporaries and others.
III. Modern biographies and more general works in which Alcuin is discussed. FRIEDRICH LORENTZ: Alcuin's Leben, Halle, 1829, Eng. trans, by Jane Mary Slee, London, 1837. FRANCIS MONNIER : Alcuin et son influence litter air e, religieuse et politique chez les francs j Paris, 1853, 2d ed. entitled Alcuin et Charlemagne, Paris, 1864. KARL WERNER: Alcuin and sein Jahrhundert, Padcrborn, 1876, 2d ed. (unchanged), 1881. J. BASS MULLTNGER : The schools of Charles the Great, London, 1877. Cf. Du PIN, VI. 121-124. CEILLER, XII. 165-214. Hist. lit. de la France, IV. 295-347. CLARKE, II. 453-459. BAHR, 78-84 ; 192-195 ; 302-341. WATTENBACH, 3d ed. 1. 123 sqq ; EBERT, II. 12-36. GUIZOT : History of Civilization, Eug. trans., Bohn's ed. ii. 231-253. The art. Alcuin by Bishop STUBBS in Smith and Wace, Diet. Chr. Biog. (i. 73-76), deserves particular mention.
FLACCUS ALBINUS, or, as he is commonly called in the Old English form, ALCUIN 4 (" friend of the temple "), the ecclesiastical
1 Ibid. col. 625-627. 3 Ibid. col. 627-628.
3 Not in Migne, but in Mansi, Tom. XIII.
4 Other forms are Ealdwine, Alchwin, Alquinus.