2 171. SERVATUS LUPUS. 735
§ 171. Scrvatus Lupus.
i. Leatus SERVATUS Lurus : Opera, in Migne, Tom. CXIX. col. 423- 694 (a reprint of the edition of Baluze. Paris, 1604, 2d ed. 1710). Tlie Homilies and hymns given by Migne (col. 693-700) are spurious.
II. Notitia historica et biblioyraphica in Servatum Lupum by Baluze, in Migne, 1. c. col. 423-6. NICOLAS : Etude sur les lettres de Servat Loup, Clermont-Ferrant, 1861; FIIANZ SPKOTTE : Biographic des Abies Servatus Lupus von Ferrieres t Regensburg, 1880. DIT PIN, VII. 169-73. CEILLIER, XII. 500-514. Hist. lit. de la France, V. 255-272. BAHR, 456-461. EBERT, II. 203-209. J. BASS MULLINGER : The Schools of Charles the Great. London, 1877, pp. 158-170. For Lu pus' part in the different councils he attended, see HEFELE : Conriliengeschichte, IV. passim.
LUPUS, surnamed Servatus,1 was descended from a promi nent family. He was born in Sens (70 miles S. E. of Paris) in the year 805 and educated in the neighboring Benedictine mon astery of SS. Mary and Peter anciently called Bethlehem, at Ferrieres, then under abbot Aklrich, who in 829 became arch bishop of Sens, and died early in 836. He took monastic vows, was ordained a deacon and then taught in the convent-school until in 830 on advice of Aklrich he went to Fukla. Einhard, whose life of Charlemagne had already deeply impressed him,2 was then abbot of Scligenstadt, only a few miles away, but his son "Wussin was being educated at Fukla, and it was on a visit that he made to see his son that Lupus first met him. "With him and with the abbot of Fukla, the famous Rabanus Matirus, he entered into friendship. It was he who incited Rabanus to make his great compilation upon the Epistles of Paul;3 and to him Einhard dedicated his now lost treatise De adoranda cruce.4 lie pursued his studies at Fukla and also gave instruction until the spring of 836, when he returned to Ferrieres.5 He then
1 Perhaps in memory of his recovery from some severe illness, as that which in the winter of 838-9 confined him for a time in the convent of St. Trond in the diocese of Liege. 2 Lupus, Epist. I. (Migne, CXIX. col. 433).
3 Baluze, in Migne, ibid. col. 425. 4 Migne, ibid col. 445.
5Although he thus lived six years in Germany he never obtained a mastery of German. Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchenlexicon, s. v. Lupus.
736 FOURTH PERIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
took priest's orders and taught grammar and rhetoric in the abbey school. In 837 he was presented at the court of Lcui? the Pious, and by special request of the empress Judith appeared the next year (Sept. 22, 838). l The favor showed him led him naturally to expect speedy preferment, but he was doomed to disappointment. In the winter of 838 and 839 he accompa nied Odo, who had succeeded Aldrich, to Frankfort,2 where the emperor Louis spent January and February, 839. Louis died in 840 and was succeeded by Charles the Bald. In 842 Charles deposed Odo because of his connection with Lothair, and by request of the emperor the monks elected Lupus their abbot, Nov. 22, 842,3 and the emperor confirmed the election. It was with diffiulty that Odo was removed. The year 844 was an eventful one with Lupus. The monks of Ferrieres were bound yearly to supply money and military service to Charles, and Lupus had to take the field in person.4 In this year he went against the rebellious Aquitanians. On June 14th he was taken prisoner by them in the battle of Angoul£me, but re leased after a few days by intervention of Turpio, count of Angouleme, and on July 3d he was back again in Ferrieres. Later on he was sent by Charles, with Prudentius, bishop of Troyes, to visit the monasteries of Burgundy, and at the close of the year he sat in the council of Yerneuil, and drew up the canons.5 Can. XII. is directed against the king's seizure on ecclesiastical property. His own special grievance was that Charles had rewarded the fidelity of a certain Count Odulf by allowing him the revenues of the cell or monastery of St. Judocus on the coast of Picardy (St. Josse sur mer), which had be longed to Alcuin, but was given to Ferrieres by Louis the Pious, and the loss of which greatly crippled his already ex-
i So Baluze, in Misne, CXIX col. 423.
* It was upon this journey that Lupus fell sick. See n. 1 on p. 735.
8 So Baluze, ibid. col. 425. 4 Pertz, Legg. I. 223.
» Hefele, IV. 111. Pertz, Legg. I. 383.