§ 51. THE LATIN KINGDOM OP JERUSALEM. 251
was succeeded by Guy of Lusignari, Sybilla's second hus band. Saladin met Guy and the Crusaders at the village of Hattin, on the hill above Tiberius, where tradition has placed the delivery of the Sermon on the Mount. The Tem plars and Hospitallers were there in force, and the true cross was carried by the bishop of Acre, clad in armor. On July 5, 1187, the decisive battle was fought. The Crusaders were completely routed, and thirty thousand are said to have perished. Guy of Lusignan, the masters of the Temple l and the Hospital, and Reginald of Chatillon, lord of Kerak, were taken prisoners by the enemy. Reginald was struck to death in Saladin's tent, but the king and the other captives were treated with clemency.2 The true cross was a part of the enemy's booty. The fate of the Holy Land was de cided.
On Oct. 2, 1187, Saladin entered Jerusalem after it had made a brave resistance. The conditions of surrender were most creditable to the chivalry of the great commander. There were no scenes of savage butchery such as followed the entry of the Crusaders ninety years before. The inhabit ants were given their liberty for the payment of money, and for forty days the procession of the departing continued. The relics stored away in the church of the Holy Sepulchre were delivered up by the conqueror for the sum of fifty thousand bezants, paid by Richard I. 3
Thus ended the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem. Since then the worship of Islam has continued on Mount Moriah
1 According to the letter of Terricius, Master of the Temple, two hundred and ninety Templars perished, and the Saracens covered the whole land from Tyre to Gaza like swarms of ants. Richard of Hoveden, an. 1187, says the Templars fought like lions.
2 Saladin offered a glass of water to Guy. When Guy handed It to Regi nald, Saladin exclaimed, " I did not order that. You gave it," and at once despatched Reginald by his own hand, or through a servant. Reginald had plundered a caravan in which Saladin's sister was travelling. Lane-Poole, Saladin, p. 215.
3 The bezant was worth three dollars.
252 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.D. 1049-1294.
without interruption. The Christian conquests were in con stant danger through the interminable feuds of the Crusaders themselves, and, in spite of the constant flow of recruits and treasure from Europe, they fell easily before the unifying leadership of Saladin.
After 1187 a line of nominal kings of Jerusalem pre sented a romantic picture in European affairs. The last real king, Guy of Lusignan, was released, and resumed his kingly pretension without a capital city. Conrad of Montferrat, who had married Isabella, daughter of Amalric, was granted the right of succession. He was murdered before reaching the throne, and Henry of Champagne became king of Jerusalem on Guy's accession to the crown of Cyprus. In 1197 the two crowns of Cyprus and Jerusalem were united in Amalric II. At his death the crown passed to Mary, daughter of Conrad of Montferrat. Mary's husband was John of Brienne. At the marriage of their daughter, lolanthe, to the emperor Frederick II., that sovereign as sumed the title, King of Jerusalem.
§ 52. The Fall of Edessa and the Second Crusade.
LITERATURE. — ODD OF DEUIL (near Paris), chaplain of Louis VII. : De profectione Ludovici VII. in Orientem 1147-1149 in Migne, 185, translated by GUIZOT: Collection, XXIV. pp. 279-384. —OTTO OF FREISING, d. 11 58, half brother of Konrad III. and uncle of Fred. Barbarossa : ChronzVow, bk. VII., translated in Pertz-Wattenbach, Geschichtschreiber der Dentschen Vorzeit, Leipzig, 1881. Otto accompanied the Crusade. — • KUGLER: Gesch. des 2ten JKreuzzuges, Stuttgart, I860. — The De consideratione and De militibus Christi of Bernard and the Biographies of Bernard by NEANDKR, ed. by DEUTSCII, II. 81-116; MORISON, pp. 366-400; STORRS, p. 416 sqq. ; VACANDARD, II. 270-318, 431 sqq.— F. MARION CRAWFORD has written a novel on this Crusade : Via Crucis, a Story of the Second Crusade, N.Y., 1899.
The Second Crusade was led by two sovereigns, the emperor Konrad III. and Louis VII. of France, and owed its origin to the profound impression made in Europe by the fall of Edessa and the zealous eloquence of St. Bernard.