§ 60. THE MILITARY ORDERS. 295
been not the conquest of territory, but the redemption of the race.1
§ 60. The Military Orders.
LITERATURE. — The sources are the Rules of the orders and the scattered notices of contemporary chroniclers. No attempt is made to give an ex haustive list of the literature. — P. H. HELYOT : Histoire des ordres monastiques, religieux et militaires, 8 vols. Paris, 1719. — PERUOT: Coll. hist, des ordres tie chivalrie, etc., 4 vols. Paris, 1819. Supplementary vol. by Fayolle, 1846. — BIELENFELD: Gesch. und Verfassung aller geistlichen und weltlichen Ritterorden, 2 vols. Weimar, 1841. — F. C. WOODHOUSE : The Military Religious Orders of the Middle Ages, Lon don, 1879. — G. UHLHORN: Die christliche Liebesthatigkeit im Mittelalter, Stuttgart, 1884. — HCRTER : Life of Innocent III., vol. IV. 313 sqq. — The general Histories of the Crusades. — STUBBS: Const. Hist, of England.
For the Knights of St. John : ABBE VERTOT : Hist, des chevaliers hospitaliers de S. Jean de Jerusalem, etc., 4 vols. Paris, 1726, and since.
— TAAFE : History of the Knights of Malta, 4 vols. London, 1852.
— L. B. LARKING: The Knights Hospitallers in England, London, 1857.
— A. WINTERFELD: Gesch. des Ordens St. Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem, Berlin, 1859. — H. VON ORTENBURG: Der Ritterorden den hi. Johannis zu Jerusalem, 2 vols. Regensb. 1806. — GENL. PORTER: Hist, of the Knights of Malta of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, London, 1883. — VON FINCK : Uebersicht uber die Gesch. des ritterlichen Ordens St. Johannis, Berlin, 1890. — G. HONNICKE : Studien zur Gesch. des Hospitalordens, 1099-1162, 1897. — *J. D. LE ROULX : De prima origine Hospitaliorum Hierosol. , Paris, 1885 ; Cartulaire general de I'Ordre des Hospitallers St. Jean de Jerusalem, 3 vols., Paris, 1894 ; Les Hospitaliers en Terre Sainte et a Chypre, 1100-1310, Paris, 1904, pp. 440. — J. VON PFLUGK-HARTTIJNG: Die Anfdnge des Johanniterordens in Deutschland, Berlin, 1899, and Der Johanniter- und der Deutsche Orden im Kampfe Ludwigs des Baiern mit der Kirche, Leipzig, 1900. — KNPOFLER : Johanniter in Weltzer-Welte, VI. 1719-1803. For other lit. see LE ROULX : Les Hospitallers, pp. v-xiii.
For the Knights Templars: The literature is very abundant. BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX : De laude novce militice, ad milites templi, Migne, 182, pp. 921-940. — DUPUY : Hist, des Templiers, Paris, 1650. — F. WILCKE : Gesch. des Tempelherren Ordens, 2 vols. Leipzig, 1827, 2d ed. Halle, 1860.
Crusades, said the eloquent Dr. Richard S. Storrs, Bernard ofClairvaux, p. 558, furnished " as truly an ideal enthusiasm as that of any one who has sought to perform his missionary work in distant lands or has wrought into permanent laws and institutions the principles of equity and the temper of love. And they must forever remain an example resplendent and shining of what an enthusiasm that is careless of obstacles and fearless of danger can accomplish."
296 THE MIDDLE AGES. A.T). 1049-1294.
— *C. II. MAILLAKD I>E CHAMBURE: Regie, et /Statute w.crets des Ternpliers^ Paris, 1840 (from three old French MSS.). — \\r. HAVEAFANN : Gesch. des Ausgangs des Tempelherren Ordens, Stuttgart, 1846. — MICHELET : Proces des Templiers, 2 vols. Paris, 1841-1851. — BOUTARIC : Clement V. Philippe le Bel et les Templiers, Paris, 1874, and Documents inedites de Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1861. — * HENRI DE CURZOX : La Regie du Temple, Paris, 1886. — * H. PRUTZ : Geheimlehre und Geheimstatuten des Tempelherren Ordens, Berlin, 1879, Entwicklung und Untergang des Tempelherrenordens, Berlin, 1888. — K. SCHOTTMULLER: D. Untergang des Templer- Ordens, 2 vols. Berlin, 1887. — W. CUNNINGHAM: Growth of English Industry, London, 1890. — J. GMELIN : Schuld oder Unschuld des Templerordens, Stuttgart, 1893. — *DOLLINGER : Der Untergang des Tempelordens in his " Akadem.Vortrage," Munich, 1891, III. 245-274, the last public address the author delivered before the Academy of Sciences of Munich. — A. GRANGE : Fall of the Knights Templars, "Dublin lieview," 1895, pp. 329 sqq. — G. SCHNURER : D. urspriingliche Tempi erregel, Freib. 1903. — Mansi, XXI. 359-372, also gives the Rule of the Templars as set forth at the Synod of Troyes, 1128. — J. A. FROUDE : The Knights Templars in Short Essays. — HEFELE-KNOPFLER, VI. — *FUNK: Templer in Wetzer-Welte, XL pp. 1311-1345. — II. C. LEA: Hist. of the Inquisition, III. and Absolution Formula of the Templars, Araer. Soc. of Ch. Hist. Papers, V. 37-58.
For the Teutonic Knights: STREHLKE: Tabular ordinis teutonics. — HENNES : Codex diplomaticus ordinis 8. Mar ice Theutonicorum, 2 vols. Mainz, 1845-1861. — E. HEN-NIG : Die Statuten des deutschen Ordens, Wurzburg, 1866. — M. PEKLBACH : Die Statuten des Deutschordens, Halle, 1890. — JOH. VOIGT : Geschichte des Deutschen Ritter- Ordens, 2 vols. Berlin, 1857-1859. — H. PRUTZ : Die Besitzungen des deutschen Ordens im heiligen Lande, Leipzig, 1877. — C. HEKRLICH : Die Bailey Brandenburg, etc., Berlin, 1886. — C. LEMPENS: Geschichte d. Deutschen Ordens u. sr. Ordenslander Preussen u. Livland, 1904. — KANKK : Univ. Hist., VIII. 455-480. — UHLHORN : Deutschorden, in Herzog, IV.
" And by the Holy Sepulchre
I've pledged my knightly sword To Christ, His blessed church, and her, The mother of our Lord."
— WHITTIER, Knights of St. John.
A product of the Crusades and their most important adjunct were the three great Military Orders, the Knights of St. John, the Knight Templars, and the Teutonic Knights. They combined monastic vows with the profession of arms. Their members were fighting monks and armed almoners. They constituted a standing army of Crusaders and wore