§ 33. THE REFORMATION IN GLARUS. 121
with Zwingli in 1510, and continued to correspond with him till 1523.1 jjg bought books for him at Basel (e.g. the Aldine editions of Lactantius and Tertullian) and sought a place as canon in Ziirich. In his last letter to him he called him "the truly Christian theologian, the bishop of the Church of Ziirich, his very great friend." ^ He read Luther's book on the Babylonian Captivit}' three times with enthusiasm. But when Erasmus broke both with Zwingli and Luther, he withdrew from the Reformation, and even bitterly opposed Zwingli and Q^colampadius.
He left Basel, Feb. 20, 1529, for Catholic Freiburg, and was soon followed by Erasmus and Amerbach. Here he labored as an esteemed professor of poetry and fruitful author, until his death (1563). He was surrounded by Swiss and German students. He corresponded, now, as confidentially with JEgidius Tschudi as he had formerly corresponded with Zwingli, and co-operated with him in saving a portion of his countrymen for the Catholic faith.^ He gave free vent to his disgust with Protestantism, and yet lamented the evils of the Roman Church, the veniality and immorality of priests who cared more for Venus than for Christ.'^ A fearful charo-e. He received a Protestant student from Ziirich Avith the rude words : " You are one of those who carry the gospel in the mouth and the devil in the heart " ; but when reminded that he did not show the graces to the muses, he excused himself by his old age, and
1 We have from him twenty-eight letters to Zwingli from Julj^ 13, 1510, to Feb. 16, 1523, printed in Zwingli's Opera, VII. and VIII., from the originals in the State Archives of Zurich. Zwingli's letters to Glarean are lost, and were probably destroyed after his rupture with the Reformer.
2 " Theologo vere Christiana, Ecclesia; Tigurinai episcopo, amico nostra sinnmo." Zwingli's Opera, VII. 274.
3 There are thirty-eight MS. letters of Glarean to Tschudi, from 1533 to 1561, in the City Library of Ziirich ; another copy in the cantonal library of Glarus.
* Nov. 21, 1556 : " Onuies clerici ad Venerem magis quam ad Christum inclinant."
122 THE SWISS REFOEMATION.
treated the young man with the greatest civility. He became a pessimist, and expected the speedy coUapse of the world. His friendship with Erasmus was continued with interruptions, and at last suffered shipwreck. He charged him once with plagiarism, and Erasmus ignored him in his testament.^ It was a misfortune for both that they could not understand the times, which had left them behind. The thirty works of Glarean (twenty-two of them written in Freiburg) are chiefly philological and musical, and have no bearing on theology .2 They were nevertheless put on the Index by Pope Paul IV., in 1559. He bitterly complained of this injustice, caused by ignorance or intrigue, and did all he could, with the aid of Tschudi, to have his name removed, which was done after the seven Catholic cantons had testified that Glarean was a good Christian.^
The Reformation progressed in Glarus at first without much opposition. Fridolin Brunner, pastor at Mollis, wrote to Zwingli, Jan. 15, 1527, that the Gospel was gaining ground in all the churches of the canton. Johann Schindler preached in vSchwanden with great effect. The congregations decided for the Reformed preachers, except in Nafels. The reverses at Cappel in 1531 produced a reaction, and
1 But Ur. Bonifacius Amerbach, the chief heir, sent Glarean a silver cup of Erasmus. See the hiventarium uher die Hinterlassenschaft des Erasmus vom 22 Juli, 1536, p. 13. This curious document of nineteen pages was published in 1889 by Dr. Ludwig Sieber, librarian of the University of Basel. He also published Das Testament des Erasmus vom 22 Jan. 1527, Basel, 1890.
2 The most important is his Dodekachordon (Basel, 1547), which makes an epoch in the history of music. " His theory of the twelve church modes as parallel to the ancient Greek modes, will assure for Glareanus a lasting place among writers on the science of music." (Glover's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 1889, vol. I. 598.) Music was to him a sacred art. His editions of Greek and Latin classics with critical notes, especially on Livy, are esteemed and used by modern philologists. Fritzsche gives a full account of his works, pp. 83-127.
3 His name was left out of the Indexes of the sixteenth century after that of 1559, but strangely reappears again in the Index Matriti, 1667, p. 485. Fritzsche, p. 74.