192 THE SWISS EEFORIMATION.
Art. 51. Der Orden der Jesuiten und die ihm affiliirten Gesellschaften diirfen in keinem Theile der Schiveiz Aufnahme Jinden, und es ist iliren Gliedern jede Wirksamkeit in Kirche und Sc/nJe untersagt."
The same Constitution forbids the civil and military officers of the Confederation to receive pensions or titles or decorations from any foreign government.
I. Art. 12. "Die Mitglieder der Bundeshehorden, die eidgenossischen Civilund Militdrheamten und die eidgenossischen Heprdsentanten oder Kommissarien diirfen von auswartigen Hegierungen weder Pensionen oder Gehalte, noch Titel, Geschenke oder Orden annehmen."
§ 49. The Second Peace of Cappel. November^ 1531.
Besides the works already quoted, see Werner Biel's account of the immediate consequences of the war of Cappel in the " Archiv f iir Schweizerische Ileformationsgeschichte" (Rom. Cath.), vol. III. 641-680. He was at that time the secretary of the city of Zurich. The articles of the Peace in Hottinger, Schweizergeschichte, VII. 497 sqq., and in BluntscHLi, I.e. II. 269-276 (comp. I. 332 sqq.).
Few great battles have had so much effect upon the course of history as the little battle of Cappel. It arrested forever the progress of the Reformation in German Switzerland, and helped to check the progress of Protestantism in Germany. It encouraged the Roman Catholic reaction, which soon afterwards assumed the character of a formidable Counter- Reformation. But, while the march of Protestantism was arrested in its original homes, it made new progress in French Switzeiiaiid, in France, Holland, and the British Isles.
King Ferdinand of Austria gave the messenger of the Five Cantons who brought him the news of their victory at Cappel, fifty guilders, and forthwith informed his brother Charles V. at Brussels of the fall of "the great heretic Zwingli," wdiich he thought was the first favorable event for the faith of the Catholic 'Church. The Emperor lost no time to congratulate the Forest Cantons on their victor}^ and to promise them his own aid and the aid of the pope, of his brother, and the Catholic princes, in case the Protestants should persevere in their opposition. The pope had already sent men and means for the support of his party.
§ 49. THE SECOND PEACE OF CAPPEL. 193
The disaster of Cappel was a prelude to the disaster of Mlihlberg on the Elbe, where Charles V. defeated the Smalcaldian League of the Lutheran princes, April 24, 1547. Luther was spared the humiliation. The victorious emperor stood on his grave at Wittenberg, but declined to make war upon the dead by digging up and burning his bones, as he was advised to do by his Spanish generals.
The war of Cappel was continued for a few weeks. Zurich rallied her forces as best she could. Bern, Basel, and Schaffhausen sent troops, but rather reluctantly, and under the demoralizing effect of defeat. There was a want of harmony and able leadership in the Protestant camp. The Forest Cantons achieved another victory on the Gubel (Oct. 24), and plundered and wasted the territory of Ziirich ; but as the winter approached, and as they did not receive the promised aid from Austria, they were inclined to peace. Bern acted as mediator.
The second religious Peace (the so-called Ziveite Landsfriede') was signed Nov. 20, 1531,i between the Five Forest Cantons and the Ziirichers, on the meadows of Teynikon, near Baar, in the territory of Zug, and confirmed Nov. 24 at Aarau by the consent of Bern, Glarus, Freiburg, and Appenzell. It secured mutual toleration, but with a decided advantage to the Roman Catholics.
The chief provisions of the eight articles as regards religion were these : —
1. The Five Cantons and their associates are to be left undisturbed in their " true, undoubted. Christian faith " ; the Ziirichers and their associates may likewise retain their " faith," but with the exception of Bremgarten, Mellingen, Rapperschwil, Toggenburg, Gaster, and Wesen. Legal toleration or parity Avas thus recognized, but in a manner which implies a slight reproach of the Reformed creed as a depar-
1 It was concluded Nov. 16, but dated Nov. 20,