20-i THE SWISS REFORMATION.
gefolgtes Christenthum, etc. Ziirich, 1698-1729. 4 Tlieile 4°. 2d ed. 1737. A work of immense industry, in opposition to a Roman Catholic work of Caspar Lang (Einsiedeln, 1692). The tliird volume goes from 1516 to 1700, the fourth to 1728. Superseded by Wirz. — Ludwig Wiez : Helvetische Kirchengesc/uckte. A>(!< Joh. JuJc. Ilottingers dlterem Werke und anderen Quellen neu bearbeitet. Ziirich, 1808-1819. 5 vols. The fifth volume is by Melchior Kirchhofer, who gives the later history of Zwingli from 1525, and the Reformation in the other Cantons. — Joh. Jak. Hottinger : Geschichte der Eidgenossen ivdhrend der Zeiten der Kirchentrennung. Ziirich, 1825 and 1829. 2 vols. This work forms vols. VI. and VII. of Joh. von MuUer's and Robert Glutz Blotzheim's Geschichten Schweizerischer Eidgenossenschaft . The second volume (p. 446 sqq.) treats of the period of Bullinger, and is drawn in part from the Simler Collection and the Archives of Ziirich. French translation by L. VullieiMix : Histoire des Sdisses a I'e'poque de la Re' for mat ion. Paris et Zurich, 1833. 2 vols. — G. R. Zi.MMERMANN (Pastor of the Fraumiinster and Decan) : Die Zurcher Kirclte von der Reformation bis zum dritten Reformationsjubildum {1519- 1819) nach der Reihenfolge der Ziirrherlschen Antistes. Ziirich, 1878 (pp. 414). On Bullinger, see pp. 36-73. Based upon the Acta Ecclesiasiica quoted above. — Joh. Strickler's ActensammUtng , previously noticed (p. 13), extends only to 1532. On the Roman Catholic side comp. Archiv fiir die Schweiz. Reformationsgesch., noticed above, p. 13. The first volume (1868) contains Salat's Chronik down to 1534; the second (1872), 135 papal addresses to the Swiss Diet, mostly of the sixteenth century (from Martin V. to Clement VIII.), documents referring to 1531, Roman and Venetian sources on the Swiss Reformation, etc. ; vol. III. (1876), a catalogue of books on Swiss history (7-98), and a number of documents from the Archives of Luzern and other cities, including three letters of King Francis I. to the Catholic Cantons, and an account of the immediate consequences of the War of Cappel by Werner Beyel, at that time secretary of the city of Ziirich (pp. 641-680).
§ 54. ffeinrich Bullinger. 1504-1575.
I. Sources. Btllixger's printed works (stated to be 150 by Scheuchzer in
" Bibliotheca Helvetica," Ziirich, 1733). His manuscript letters (mostly Latin) in the "Thesaurus Hottingerianus" and the " Simler Collection" of the City Library at Ziirich. — The second volume of the Acta Ecdesiastica, quoted in § 53. — The Zurich Letters or the Correspondence of several English Bishops and others with some of the Helvetian Reformers, chiefly from the Archives of Zurich, translated and edited for the "Parker Society" by Dr. H. Robinson, Cambridge (University Press), 2d ed. 1846 (pp. 576).
II. Salomon Hess: Leben Bullinger s. Zurich, 1828-'29, 2 vols. Not very accurate. — *Carl Pestalozzi : Heinrich Bullinger. Leben und ausgewdhlte Schrijlen. Xach handschrifllichen und gleichzeitigen Quellen. Elberfeld, 1858. Extracts from his writings, pp. 505-622. Pestalozzi has
§ 54. HEINRICH BULLINGEK. 205
faithfully used the written and printed sources in the Stadtbibliothek and Archives of Ziirich. — K. Chkistoffei. : H. Bidlinger nnd seine Gattin. 1875. — Justus Heer : Bidlinger, in Herzog'-, II. 779-794. A good summary. Older biographical sketches by Ludwig Lavater (157()), Josias Simler (1575), W. Stucki (1575), etc. Incidental information about BuUinger in Hagenbach and other works on the Swiss Reformation, and in Meyer's Die Gemeinde von Locarno, 183G, especially I. 198-216.
After the productive period of tlie Zwinglian Reformation, which embraced fifteen years, from 1516 to 1531, followed the period of preservation and consolidation under difficult circumstances. It required a man of firm faith, courage, moderation, patience, and endurance. Such a man was providentially equipped in the person of Heinrich Bullinger, the pupil, friend, and successor of Zwingli, and second Antistes of Ziirich. He proved that the Reformation was a work of God, and, therefore, survived the apparent defeat at Cappel.
He was born July 18, 1504, at Bremgarten in Aargau, the youngest of five sons of Dean Bullinger, who lived, like many priests of those days, in illegitimate, yet tolerated, wedlock.! The father resisted the sale of indulgences by Samson in 1518, and confessed, in his advanced age, from the pulpit, the doctrines of the Reformation (1529). In consequence of this act he lost his place. Young Henrj^ was educated in the school of the Brethren of the Common Life at Emmerich, and in the University of Cologne. He studied scholastic and patristic theology. Luther's writings and Melanchthon's Loci led him to the study of the Bible and prepared him for a change.
He returned to Switzerland as Master of Arts, taught a school in the Cistercian Convent at Cappel from 1523 to 1529, and reformed the convent in agreement with the abbot, Wolfgang Joner. During that time he became acquainted
1 The bishop of Constance allowed priests to keep concubines for an annual tribute of four Rhenish guilders, called the Hurensold. See Christoffel, Zwingli, II. 337, and Pestalozzi, p. 5.