PHILIP SCHAFF (f), D.D., LL.D.,
Late Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.
KARL SCHMIDT, Th.D.,
Pastor at Goldberg. Mecklenburg.
EMIL SCHUERER, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Gottingen.
VICTOR SCHULTZE, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History and Christian Archeology, University of Greifswald.
LUDWIG THEODOR SCHULZE, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Rostock.
REINHOLD SEEBERG, Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theol* igy, University of Berlin.
EMIL SEHLING, Dr.Jur.,
Professor of Ecclesiastical and Commercial Law, University of Erlangen.
FRIEDRICH ANTON EMIL SIEFFERT, Ph.D.,
Professor of Dogmatics and New Testament Exegesis, Evangelical Theological Faculty, University of Bonn.
RUDOLF STAEHELIN (f), Th.D., Late Professor of Church History, University of Basel.
GEORG STEINDORFF, Ph.D.,
Professor of Egyptology, University of Leipsic.
EMIL ELIAS STEINMEYER, Ph.D.,
Privy Councilor, Professor of the German Language and Literature. University of Erlangen.
ALFRED STOECKIUS, Ph.D.,
Astor Library, New York City.
PAUL TSCHACKERT, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Gottingen.
WILHELM VOLCK (f), Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Rostock.
BENJAMIN BRECKINRIDGE WARFIELD, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Didactic and Polemical Theology, Princeton Theological Seminary.
JOHANNES WEISS, Th.D.,
Professor of New Testament Exegesis,.University of Marburg.
AUGUST WILHELM ERNST WERNER, Th.D.,
Pastor Primarius, Guben, Prussia.
EDUARD VON WOELFFLIN, Ph.D.,
Professor of Classical Philology, University of Munich.
THEODOR ZAHN, Th.D., Litt.D.,
Professor of New Testament Exegesis and Introduction, University of Erlangen.
OTTO ZOECKLER (■)), Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Professor of Church History and Apologetics, University of Greifswald.
PREFACE
This encyclopedia presents in a condensed and modified form that great body of Protestant learning called the Realencyklopddie fur protestantischeTheologieund Kir che, edited by Professor Albert Hauck, Ph.D., D.Th., D. Jur., the famous church historian of Germany. The German work is the third edition of that religious encyclopedia which was originally edited by the late Professor Johann Jakob Herzog and bore his name popularly as a convenient short title. The late Professor Philip Schaff was requested by his intimate friend Dr. Herzog to adapt the encyclopedia to the American public and this he did. To this combination of German and American scholarship the publishers gave the happy title of The Schaff- Herzog Encyclopaedia of Religious Knowledge. This name has been familiar to thousands of the religious public on both sides of the sea for the past twenty-five years and so has been preserved as the title of this publication, with the prefix "New."
The history of this encyclopedia up to the present is this: In December, 1853, there appeared at Gotha the first part of the Realencyklopddie jur protestantische Theologie und Kirche, which was the Protestant reply to the challenge of the Roman Catholic scholars engaged upon the Kirchenlexikon oder Encyklopddie der katholischen Theologie und Hirer Hillfswissenschaj ten, which had been appearing at Freiburg imBreisgau since 1846. The credit for suggesting the latter work must be given to Benjamin Herder (1818-88), one of the leading publishers of Germany. Its editors were Heinrich Joseph Wetzer (1801-53), professor of Oriental philology in the University of Freiburg im Breisgau, a layman, and Benedict Welte (1805-85), a priest and professor of theology in the University of Tubingen . The proposition to do as much for Protestant theology and research was mooted by a company of Protestant theologians, and Matthias Schneckenburger (1804-48), professor of theology in Bern, had been chosen editor of the projected work. But the political troubles of 1848 prevented the carrying out of the scheme and the death of Schneckenburger that year made it necessary to find another leader. At this juncture Friedrich August Tholuck (1799- 1877), professor of theology in Halle, where Johann Jakob Herzog was professor from 1847 to 1854, was consulted and he named his colleague. It was an ideal choice, as Professor Herzog was a competent scholar, a friend of progress in theology, moderate in his views, and a persona grata to all parties among the Protestants. The publisher of the Protestant encyclopedia was Christian Friedrich Adolf Rost (1790- 1856), who was carrying on the business of Johann Conrad Hinrichs, and under that name.
Both the Roman Catholic and Protestant religious encyclopedias were conspicuous successes and came to be called popularly, by the names of their editors, " Wetzer und Welte " und " Herzog " respectively. The former was finished in 1856 in twelve volumes, followed by an index volume in 1860; the latter in 1868 in twenty-two volumes including the index. In December, 1877, the Herders entrusted a new edition of " Wetzer und Welte " to Joseph Hergenrother (1824-80), at that time a professor of theology in Munich. On his elevation to the cardinalate in 1879 he transferred his editorial duties to Franz Philipp Kaulen (1827-1907), Roman Catholic professor of theology in Bonn, and under him the new edition was finished in 1901 in twelve volumes, each one much larger than those of the first edition. In September, 1903, the index volume appeared. In 1877 the first volume of the second edition of " Herzog " appeared, edited by Professor Herzog with the assistance of his colleague in the theological faculty in Erlangen, Gustav Leopold Plitt (1836-80). On Plitt's death Herzog called in another colleague, Albert Hauck (1845-), the professor of church history, who survived him and brought the work to its triumphant close in 1888 in eighteen volumes, includingthe index. In the spring of 1896 appeared the first part of the third edition of " Herzog " with Hauck, who meanwhile had gone to Leipsic as professor of church history, as sole editor. It is upon this third edition that the present work is based.
The idea of translating " Herzog "in a slightly condensed form occurred to John Henry Augustus Romberger (1817-90), a minister of the German Reformed Church, and then president of Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa., and in 1856 he brought out in Philadelphia the first volume, whose title-page reads thus: The Protestant Theological and Ecclesiastical Encyclopedia: Being a Condensed Translation of Herzog' s Real Encyclopedia. With Additions from Other Sources. By Rev. J.H.A. Bomberger, D.D., As- ' '"ted by Distinguished Theologians of Various Denominations. Vol. I. Philadelphia : Lindsay & Blakiston,