RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Alfric Alleine
(4 vols., 1882-90); Le Christianisme et I'empire romain de Neron a Theodose (1897); Saint Basile (1898); Etudes d'histoire et d'archiologie (1898); Julian I'Apostat (3 vols., 1900-03; crowned by the French Academy); Les Chretiens et I'incendie de Rome sous Neron (1903); Les Persecutions et la critique moderne (1903); and Dix lefons sur le martyre (1906). He has also made a translation, with additions and notes, of the Roma Sotterranea of Northcote and Brownlow under the title Rome souterraine (Paris, 1873).
ALLATIUS, al-le'shius or -shus, LEO (LEONE ALACCI): Roman Catholic scholar; b. on the island of Chios 1586; d. in Rome Jan. 19, 1669. He was brought to Calabria at the age of nine, and in 1600 went to Rome, where he became one of the most distinguished pupils of the Greek College founded in 1577 by Gregory XIII. He studied philosophy and theology, and later also medicine at the Sapienza, and became a teacher in the Greek College and a scriptor in the Vatican library. When Maximilian of Bavaria presented the Heidelberg library to the pope (1622), Allatius was chosen to superintend its removal to Rome, and he spent nearly a year in the work. The death of Gregory XV. just before his return deprived him of a fitting reward; and he was even suspected of having appropriated or given away part of this charge. He was supported by the liberality of some of the cardinals, especially Francesco Barberini, who made him his private librarian (1638). Alexander VII. appointed him keeper of the Vatican library in 1661, and he lived the retired life of a scholar until his death. Allatius's contemporaries regarded him as a prodigy of learning and diligence, though apparently somewhat narrow and pedantic, and without much critical judgment. His literary productions were of the most varied kind. The interests which lay nearest to his heart were the demonstration that the Greek and Roman Churches had always been in substantial agreement, and the bringing of his fellow countrymen to acknowledge the supremacy of Rome. His principal writings, the De ecclesitz occidentalis et orientalis perpetua consensione (Cologne, 1648), and the smaller De utriusque ecclesice in dogmate de purgatorio consensione (Rome, 1655), bear upon this subject; his Confutatio fabulae de papissa (1630) aims to vindicate the papacy. He was vigorously opposed by Protestant scholars such as Hottinger, Veiel, and Spanheim, and some Roman Catholics (as R. Simon) admitted that his treatment of history was onesided. He found an ardent helper in the German convert B. Neuhaus (Nihusius), the pupil and then the opponent of Calixtus. Allatius published many other works of a similar tendency, tKg'A°u the Processi°n of the Holy Ghost (1658),
HfiRo! Sian Creed (1659)> the Syjiod of Photius Ut>b2) and the Council of Florence (1674). He also edited, annotated, or translated a number of week authors, both ecclesiastical and secular, and HP ! ffUueu *° the Paris Cm"Pus Byzantinorum. for ni him plans and preliminary studies
"m, m.ore extensive undertakings, such as a
uS ary of a11 the Greek authors- His
ry remains, and an extensive correspondence,
I.-9
comprising more than 1,000 letters in Greek and Latin, came in 1803 into the possession of the library of the Oratorians in Rome. (A. Hatjck.) Bibliography: S. Gradius, Vita Leonis Allatii, first published in Mai, Nova patrum bibliotheca, vi., part 2, pp. v.-xxviii., Rome, 1853; Fabricius-Harles, Bibliotheca Grceca, xi. 435 sqq.; J. M. Schrockh, Kirchengeschichte seit der Reformation, ix. 21, Leipsic, 1810; A. Theiner, Die Schenkung der Heidelberger Bibliothek . . mit Originalschriften, Munich, 1844; H. Laemmer, De L. Allatii codicibus, Freiburg, 1864; H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius, ii. 119 sqq., Innsbruck' 1893.
ALLEGORICAL INTERPRETATION. See Exegesis or Hermenetjtics, III., §§ 2-5.
ALLEGRI, Ql-lS'gri, GREGORIO: Italian composer; b. in Rome, of the family of the Correggios, most probably about 1585; d. there Feb. 18, 1652. He studied music under Nanini (1600-07), and after 1629 belonged to the choir of the Sistine Chapel. He was one of the first to compose for stringed instruments. His most celebrated work is a Miserere for two choirs, one of five and the other of four voices, which, as given at Rome during Holy Week, acquired a great reputation. For a long time extraordinary efforts were made to prevent the publication of the music; but Mozart at the age of fourteen was able to write it down from memory, and Dr. Charles Burney (author of the History of Music) procured a copy from another source and published it in La musica che si canta annualmente nelle funzioni della settimana santa, nella cappella pontificia (London, 1771). The effect of the Miserere as given in Rome seems to be due to the associations and execution rather than to any inherent quality in the music, as presentations of it elsewhere have proved distinctly disappointing. Bibliography: F. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Letters from
Italy and Switzerland, transl. by Lady Wallace, pp. 133-
134, 168-191, Philadelphia, 1863.
ALLEINE, al'en, JOSEPH: English non-conformist; b. at Devizes (86 m. w. of London), Wiltshire, 1634; d. at Taunton, Somersetshire, Nov. 17, 1668. He was graduated at Oxford in 1653 and became chaplain to his college (Corpus Christi); in 1655 he became assistant minister at Taunton, whence he was ejected for non -conformity in 1662; he continued to preach and was twice imprisoned in consequence, and his later years were troubled by constant danger of arrest. He was a learned man, associated as an equal with the fellows of the Royal Society, and engaged in scientific study and experimentation. He is now remembered, however, as the author of An Alarm to Unconverted Sinners (London, 1672; republished in 1675 under the title A Sure Guide to Heaven). He published several other works, including an Explanation of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism (1656).
Bibliography: C. Stanford, Companions and Times of Joseph Alleine, London, 1861; DNB, i. 299-300.
ALLEINE, RICHARD: English non-conformist; b. at Ditcheat (18 m. s. by w. of Bath) 1611; d. at Frome Selwood (11 m. s. by e. of Bath) Dec. 22, 1681. He was educated at Oxford and was rector of Batcombe (15 m. s. by w. of Bath) from 1641 till ejected for non-conformity in 1662, when he removed to Frome Selwood, only a few miles away, and there preached. His fame rests on his
Allemand Alliance