THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ANDREW OF CARNIOLA: Archbishop of Carniola (Krain) in the fifteenth century. He was a Slavonian, and became a Dominican monk. Through the favor of the Emperor Frederick III. he was made archbishop of Carniola with residence at Laibach. He assumed the title " Cardinal of San Sisto." In 14S2 he went to Switzerland and tried to get a general council convened at Basel. On July 21 he nailed a formal arraignment of Pope Sixtus IV to the doors of the cathedral, accompanying it with a demand for a council. The pope excommunicated him, and the local authorities put him in prison, where he was found dead on Nov. 13, 14S4, probably having committed suicide. His secretary, Peter Numagen of Treves, thought him crazy.
Bibliography: Peter Numagen, Gesta archiepiscopi Craynensis, in J. H. Hottinger, Historice ecclesiastics Novi Testamenii, iv. 347-604, Zurich, 1654; J. Burckhardt, Erzbischof Andreas von Krain und der letzte Conzilsversuch in Basel, US2-81,, Basel, 1852; E. Frantz, Sixtus IV und die Republik Florenz, pp. 433 sqq., Regensburg, 1880.
ANDREW OF CRETE: Archbishop of Crete; b. at Damascus; d. not earlier than 726. He became a monk at Jerusalem (whence he is sometimes called Andrew of Jerusalem), and was sent by the Patriarch Theodore to the sixth general council (Constantinople, 680). Later he was made archbishop. He was inclined to Monothelitism, but was able to restore his reputation for orthodoxy by zeal for image-worship. He is commemorated as a saint in the Greek Church on July 7. Among Greek hymn-writers he occupies a prominent place as the inventor of the so-called canons (see Canon). His penitential canon (" the great canon ") of 250 strophes is especially famous. It is still sung on the Thursday before Palm Sunday and on some other days of Lent. Andrew was also the author of many homilies, some of them very long.
G. Kruger.
Bibliography: Andrew's works are in MPG, xcvii.; Anthologia Grmca, ed. W. Christ and M. Paranikas, 147-161, Leipsic, 1871; naT^iaici) /3i0Aio#i;kij, pp. 330-331, Athens, 1890; A. Papadopoulos-Kerameus, "AvaAeKTa kt\, i. 1-14, St. Petersburg, 1891; A. Maltzew, Andachtsbuch der orthodox-katholischen Kirche des Morgenlandes, 176-277, Berlin, 1895. A few stanzas of the Great Canon, with two or three other hymns are translated in J. M. Neale's Hymns of the Eastern Church, pp. 73-84, London, 1876, where a brief sketch of his life is given. Consult Fabricius-Harles, Bibliotheca Grwca, xi. 62-64, 68-75, Hamburg, 1808; Analecta sacra, ed. J. B. Pitra, i. 626- 627, Paris, 1876; A. Ehrhard, in Krumbacher's Geschichte, p. 165; F. Diekamp, Hippolytos von Theben,p. 108, Minister, 189S.
ANDREW OF LUND (ANDERS SUNESON): Archbishop of Lund; b. at Knarthorp (3 m. n.w. of Copenhagen) about 1160; d. on the island of Ivo (in Lake Ivo, near Lund) June 24, 1228. He came of the noble family of Hvide whose members filled the highest offices in Church and State. In 1182 he went to Paris, completed his studies there, and, returning in 1190, was made dean of the cathedral of Roeskilde, where his elder brother was bishop. Canute VI. made him at the same time courtchancellor. In 1194-96 he was on mission to Rome and Paris in regard to the repudiation, by Philip Augustus of France, of his wife Ingebor^, a sister of the Danish king. In 1201 Andrew succeeded
Absalon as archbishop of Lund, an office which carried with it the dignities of primate and papal legate.
Andrew was zealous in the suppression of concubinage among the priesthood, active in raising the standard of learning among them, and an enemy to the sale of indulgences. In 1206 he preached a crusade against the heathen inhabitants of the island of Oesel off the coast of Esthonia. When Albert of Riga (q.v.) was compelled to seek the aid of the Danes against the Russians and Esthonians in 1218, he agreed to place the bishopric of Esthonia under the authority of the archbishop of Lund, and in the following year Andrew was engaged in regulating the affairs of that see. In 1223 he resigned his office and retired to the island of Ivo in the lake of the same name, achieving a reputation for wonder-working sanctity. He was the author of Lex Scandiw provincialis (ed. P. G. Thorsen, Copenhagen, 1853) and Hexaemeron (ed. M. C. Gertz, ib. 1892), a dogmatic poem in twelve books, expository of the theology of Peter Lombard.
(F. Nielsen.)
Bibliography: P. E. Miiller, Vita Andrew Sunonis, Archiepiscopi Lundensis, Copenhagen, 1830; F. Hammerich, En skolastiker og en Bibeltheolog fra Norden, ib. 1865.