THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
26-3S). (1) The highest knightly order of the house of Savoy (now the ruling house of Italy): As the spiritual order of the " Knights of the Collar " it was founded by Count Amadeus VI. in 1362, and was specially favored by Amadeus VIII. (Pope Felix V.; d. 1451). In 1518 under Charles III. it was dedicated to Santa Maria Annunziata. Laterit became a secular order of merit and nobility. (2) The " Archbrothers of the Annunciation " : Founded about 1460 by Cardinal Johannes de Turrecremata (Juan de Torquemada) in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva at Rome; it had importance only for that church. (3) The " Annunciades of Santa Marcellina " (or of St. Ambrose): Founded in Genoa in 1408 for the care of the sick and the performance of like deeds of charity. Their most famous member was the ascetic and mystical writer Catharina Fieschi-Adomo who died in 1510 (see Catharine, Saint, of Genoa). (4) The " Blue Annunciades " (Annuntiatm coelestes ; Italian, Turchine, from turchina, "turquoise"; so called from the color of their cloak) : Founded in 1604 by the pious Maria Vittoria Fornari, a widow of Genoa. In the seventeenth century they had more than fifty convents, mostly in upper Italy. (5) The Religieuses Annonciades (known also as the " Order of the Ten Virtues of the Holy Virgin ") : Founded about 1498 by Jeanne de Valois, Queen of France, and her confessor, Gilbert Nicolai. At one time they had forty-five convents in France and Belgium. The order was destroyed by the French Revolution.
O. ZoCKLERf. Bibliography: Helyot, Ordres monastiques, iv. 62—63, 297-309, vii. 239-250, viii. 322-325, Paris, 1715; Heimbucher, Orden und Kongregationen, i. 521—523.
ANNUS CARENTLE, an'us ka-ren'shi-i: The term during which a canon or other prebendary must renounce part of his revenues to the pope, the bishop, the church buildings or furniture, or for some other ecclesiastical purpose. In some countries a certain percentage is annually paid to an ecclesiastical fund.
ANNUS CLAUSTRALIS, cles-tra'lis: The first year in which a canon holds his benefice, and during which he is bound to be in strictest residence.
ANNUS DECRETORIUS, dec"re-to'ri-us: The year 1624, which by the peace of Westphalia (1648) was taken as the basis for the division between the Roman Catholic and the Protectant churches in German territory.
ANNUS DESERVITUS, des-er-vi'tus, or ANNUS GRATIS, gre'shi-i or -6: The term, varying in length in different countries, during which the heirs of an ecclesiastic are entitled to enjoy his revenues after his death.
ANNUS LUCTUS: The year of mourning, in some countries an obstacle to marriage (q.v.).
ANOINTING. See Ointment; Sacramentals.
ANOMOIOS, ANOMOIANS (ANOMGEANS). See Arianism.
ANRICH, GUSTAV ADOLF: German Lutheran ; b. at Runzenheim (a village of Lower Alsace) Dec. 2, 1867. He was educated at the universities of Strasburg, Marburg, and Berlin, and in 1894
became privat docent at Strasburg. He was pastor at Lingolsheim, Lower Alsace, from 1896 to 1901, when he became director of the Theologischer Studienstift, Strasburg. Since 1903 he has been associate professor of church history at Strasburg. He has written Das antike Mysterienwesen in seinem Verhdltniss zum Christentum (Gottingen, 1894); Clemens und Origenes als Begrilnder der Lehrevom Fegefeuer (Tubingen, 1902); and has edited Die Anfdnge des Heiligenkults in der christlichen Kirche of E. Lucius (1904).
ANSEGIS, an-se'jis (abbreviated form of Ansegisil): 1. The Elder Ansegis: Abbot of Fontanella (St. Wandrille, 15 m. n.n.w. of Rouen); b. in the latter part of the eighth century; d. at Fontanella July 20, 833. He received his first instruction in a cloister-school in the diocese of Lyons, became a monk in the monastery of Fontanella, and was made abbot of St. Germain de Flay, in the diocese of Beauvais, in 807 His energy and good management attracted the notice of Charlemagne, who called him to his court of Aix-la- Chapelle, and put him with Einhard in charge of his building operations. Louis the Pious also held him in great favor, and endowed him in 817 with the abbey of Luxeuil, and in 823 with that of Fontanella. Here he published his collection of Frankish laws, Libri iv. capitularium regum Francorum, which in 829 obtained official authority. Most of these capitularia can be compared with the original documents, and the comparison shows that Ansegis altered very little in the text; but Benedict of Mainz (Benedictus Levita), who, twenty years later, continued the work, made arbitrary, not to say fraudulent, alterations. In the ninth century the work was translated into German, and up to the thirteenth century the German kings took an oath on the book as containing the rights of the realm.
Bibliography: Sources are: Vita Sancti.Ansegisi, by an unknown contemporary, in MPL, cv.; of the Capitularium collectio the best edition is by A. Boretius in MGH, Leg., ii., Capitularia Regum Francorum, i. (1883) 382-450. Consult H. Brunner, Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte, i. 382-384, Leipsic, 1887.
2. The Younger Ansegis became archbishop of Sens in 872; d. Nov. 25, 882. In 876 he was appointed papal vicar in Gaul and Germany, with the right to convoke synods and to act as the representative of the pope in all affairs of the Church. At the synod of Ponthion (876), however, a number of the Frankish bishops refused to acknowledge his authority, and nothing is heard of a real activity on his part as papal vicar. In 877 he seems to have lost the confidence of the pope, and in the following year another papal vicar was appointed. On his tombstone he is called Primus Gallon m Papa, and up to the fifteenth century the Archbishop of Sens was styled Gallia et Germanorum Primas. (P. HiNscHirst.)
Bibliography : E. L. Diimmler, Geschichte des ostfrankischen Reichs, i. 748, 767, 795, 837, 845 sqq.. ii. 40, 70, 81,122, Leipsic, 1862-65; P. Hinschius, Kirchenrecht. i. 597, Berlin, 1869.