THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Hamburg was destroyed by the Danes, so that he was a bishop without either see or revenue. Many of his helpers deserted him, and his work was in danger of extinction. The new king, Louis the German, came to his aid; after failing to recover Turholt for him, he planned to bestow upon him the vacant diocese of Bremen. There were many canonical and other difficulties in the way; but after prolonged negotiations Nicholas I. approved the union of the two dioceses (864). From S48 Ansgar resided in Bremen, and did what he could to revive the Danish mission. When he was established in a position of dignity once more, he succeeded in gaining permission from King Haarik to build a church in Sleswick, and secured the recognition of Christianity as a tolerated religion. He did not forget the Swedish mission, and spent two years there in person (848-850), at the critical moment when a pagan reaction was threatened, which he succeeded in averting. In his own diocese he showed himself a model bishop, forward in all works of charity, and of a prayerful and ascetic life. His humility was most marked; when people attempted to venerate him as a wonder-worker, he reproved them, saying that it would be the greatest of miracles if God should deign to make him a really devout man. He was canonized by Nicholas I. not long after his death. A collection of brief prayers from his hand is extant with the title Pigmenta (ed. J. M. Lappenberg, Hamburg, 1844). The Vita et miracula of Willehad, first bishop of Bremen (MGH, Script., ii., 1829, 378-390; also in MPL, cxviii. 1013-32) is attributed to Ansgar by Adam of Bremen; the life, however, is by another. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Rimbert (disciple and successor of Ansgar), Vita Anskarii, ed. C. F. Dahlmann, in MGH, Script., ii. (1829) 683-725, and MPL, cxviii.; Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammenburgensis ecclesice, i. 17-36 et passim; there are modern lives by G. H. Klippel, Lebensbeschreibung des Erzbischois Ansgar, Bremen, 1843; A. Tappehorn, Leben des heiligen Ansgar, Apostels von Danemark und Schweden, Munster, 1863, and others. Consult also G. Dehio, Geschichte des Erzbistums Hamburg-Bremen, i. 42 sqq., ii. 51-52, Berlin, 1877; G. F. Maclear, Apostles of Mediceval Europe, pp. 151-171, London, 1888; Wattenbach, DGQ, 1904, i. 297, ii. 79, 508; Hauck, KD, ii. 350, 602, 618, 624. 660, 673 sqq., 726, 765; T. von Schubert, Ansgar, Kiel, 1901.
ANSO : A monk and abbot (776-800) of Lobbes (35 m. s. of Brussels), but not, like his predecessors, also a bishop. He was considered a worthy, zealous man, but no scholar; nevertheless, while a monk, he compiled from the sources biographies of the first two of the abbot bishops of Lobbes, — the Vita S. Ursmari (in ASB, April, ii. 560-562, and ASM, iii. 1, 248-250) and the Vita S. Ermini or Erminonis {ASB, April, iii. 375-377; ASM, iii. 1, 564-568).
Bibliography: Histoire littcraire de la France, iv. 203.
ANTERUS, an'te-rus: Bishop of Rome in the third century, successor of Pontianus. According to the Catalogus Liberianus, he was consecrated Nov. 21, 235; the divergent account of Eusebius (Hist, eccl., VI. xxix. 1), which makes him enter upon his office in the reign of Gordianus, is of less authority. After a pontificate of little over a month, he died Jan. 3, 236. The stone placed over his
grave in the cemetery of Calixtus was discovered in 1854. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Liber pontifiealis, ed. Duchesne, i. 147, Paris, 1886.
ANTHONISTS. See Anthony, Saint, Orders
OF.
ANTHONY, ALFRED WILLIAMS: Free Baptist; b. at Providence, R. I., Jan. 13, 1860. He was educated at Brown University (B.A., 1883), Cobb Divinity School (1883-86), and the University of Berlin (1888-90), and was pastor of the Essex Street Free Baptist Church, Bangor, Me., from 1885 to 1888. On his return from Germany he was appointed professor of New Testament exegesis at Cobb Divinity School, a position which he still holds. He is also a member of the conference board of the General Conference of Free Baptists, the chairman of the Free Baptist committee of conference on union with other bodies, a member of the Interdenominational Commission of Maine since its organization in 1891 and secretary since 1904, trustee and secretary of the board of the Maine Industrial School for Girls since 1899, and member of the school committee of Lewiston since 1906. Among the societies to which he belongs are the American Philological Association, the American Institute of Sacred Literature, the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, and the Maine Academy of Medicine and Science. In theology he is a moderate progressive. He has written: An Introduction to the Life of Jesus (New York, 1896); The Method of Jesus (1899); The Sunday- School — Its Progress in Method and Scope (1899); and The Higher Criticism in the New Testament (1901); and has edited Preachers and Preaching (1900), and New Wine Skins (1901).