RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Architecture Archives
RtstiograPHy: Perrot and Chipiez, Histoire de I'art dans VantiquUe, iv., Judee, Syrie, etc., 176-218, Paris, 1887, Eng.transl., 2 vols., London, 1890; idem, he Temple de Jerusalem et la maison du Bois-Liban, Paris, 1889; C. C. W. F Bahr, Der salomonische Tempel mil Beschreibung seines Verh<nisses zu heiliger Architektur, Carlsruhe, 1848; M. de Vogu<5, he Temple de Jerusalem, Paris, 1864; J. Fergusson, The Temple of the Jews and other Buildings in the Harem Area at Jerusalem, London, 1879; F. O. Paine, 8olomon's Temple and Capital, London, 1886; T. Friedrich, Tempel und Palast Salomo's, Innsbruck, 1887; idem, Die vorderasiatische H ohtektonik , 1891; E. C. Robins, The Temple of Solomon, London, 1887; O. Wolff, Der Tempel von Jerutalem und seine Maasse, Graz, 1887; Benzinger, Archaologie; Nowack, Archaologie, i. 251-259; DB, i. 142-144; Schiirer, Geschichte, i. 392, Eng. transl., Li.' 437-438.
ARCHIVES, ECCLESIASTICAL.
Lutherans (§3).
Methodists and Moravians (§4).
Presbyterians (§ 5).
The Protestant Episcopal Church (§ 6).
The Reformed Churches, Dutch and German (§ 7).
I. Europe.
Germany (§1).
France (§ 2).
Holland (§ 3).
Switzerland, Scandinavia, and England (§4).
The Papal Archives (§5). II. America.
Baptists (§ 1).
Congregationalists (§ 2).
1. Europe : The great value and also the extreme importance of ecclesiastical records, for historical inquiry as well as in the daily life of the minister and other church officials, in former times were not properly perceived and appreciated. Works on canon law have usually little to say on the subject. Within the last few decades, however, the representatives of historical theology have pointed out the duty of the Church to attend to a careful administration and preservation of its archival treasures. A number of provincial synods
i. Germany, in Germany, including the Austrian general synod, have passed important resolutions in that direction, and the later ecclesiastical legislation has provided for reorganization of the ecclesiastical archives and registry. The archival system of the Moravian Brethren is excellent. In 1888-89 a fire-proof building was erected for the archives at Herrnhut (cf . A. Glitsch, Versuch einer Geschichte der historischen Sammlungen der Briider-Unitat, Herrnhut, 1891). The archives collected in Coblenz in consequence of a resolution passed by the eighth Rhenish provincial synod in 1853 are arranged in a model way. The interest in the same has steadily grown, and since the publication of a catalogue, they have been constantly consulted. Those Reformed Dutchmen, who as fugitives from Spanish persecution fled from the Netherlands to the countries of the Rhine, brought thither their Presbyterian church-order and synodical institutions, and taught Germany to take care of its ecclesiastical archives.
The first national synod of the Reformed Church
of France held at Paris in 1559 enjoined that in
every church all important matters
2. France, relating to religion should be regis-
tered, that the material should be collected by a pastor at each district synod, and that the material gathered by each provincial synod was to be brought to the general synod. Since that time ecclesiastical archives, especially in those parts where the oldest constitution after Calvin's idea I.-18
had been adopted, have been carefully kept. The Societe pour I'histoire du Protestantisme franmis (founded in 1852) has contributed largely toward their preservation and revision.
In Holland, the Walloon general synod appointed in 1878 a Commission de I'histoire et de la biblioiheque des eglises Wallones, which pub- 3. Holland, lishes bulletins containing an account of its work. The Dutch Reformed Church has adopted some good rules, and its archives are in the Willem's Church in the Hague; a catalogue is published.
[The archives of the Classis of Amsterdam, which had charge of about twenty colonies in different parts of the world, are kept in the Consistory Room of the Oude Kerch. There are here about 100 volumes in manuscript, and twenty-five portfolios of letters from the different colonies. The letters of the classis to the colonies are recorded in a succession of volumes, numbered xx.-xxxii. (For a full account of these archives, cf. Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York, 6 vols., printed at the expense of the State of New York, 1901-06, vol. i., pp. 18-24.) In the same room are found complete sets of the minutes of the Synod of North Holland, in many manuscript volumes; also minutes of many of the other provincial synods, more or less complete (Ecclesiastical Records, i. 24-25). The minutes of the General Synod of Holland are found at 100 Java Street, in The Hague. Here also are the original minutes of the Synod of Dort, 1618-19; the reports on the translation of the Bible, 1637; and the minutes of most of the provincial synods of Holland. Consult Ecclesiastical Records, i. 26-27, which give many references; also Catalogus van het Oud Synodaal Archief, prepared by H. Q. Janssen, minister at St. Anna ter Muiden; with the indexes of the Old Provincial Ecclesiastical Archives, published by the General Synod of the Netherlands Reformed Church, 1878, p. 198. This gives a list of all the books and papers in these archives of the General Synod.]
In Switzerland the different cantons look after their archives more or less independently (cf. Inventur der Schweizer
4. Swit- Archiv, herausgegeben auf Veranlas-
zerland, sung der allgemeinen geschichtsfor-
Scandinavia, schenden Gesellschaft der Schweiz, Bern,
and 1895 sqq.). In Scandinavian countries
England, the ecclesiastical archives are not separated from those of the State, but of late special attention has been paid to the former. In England the Reports of the Historical Manuscripts Commission (appointed in 1869) contain much that is derived from the archives of the Established Church. The Huguenot Society of London (founded 1885) issues valuable publications, and the General Assembly of Scotland also pays attention to archival matters.
After the Magdeburg Centuries 5. The Papal proved that the so called Isidorian
Archives, decretals were forgeries, he papal
archives became almost inaccessible
for scientific research until Pope Leo XIII. opened
them to scholars of all nations, and appointed
Archives Arcimboldi