BEBB, LLEWELLYN JOHN MONTFORT:
Church of England; b. at Cape Town Feb. 16, 1S62. He was educated at New College, Oxford (B.A., 1885), and was fellow (1885-98), tutor (1889-98), and librarian (1892-98) of Brasenose College. He was examining chaplain to the bishop of Salisbury from 1893 to 1898, and to the bishop of St. Asaph from 1898 to 1902, and was also curator of the botanical garden, Oxford, in 1896-98 and Grinfeld lecturer on the Septuagint in the University of Oxford in 1837-1901. From 1892 to 1896 he was vice-principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, and since 1898 has been principal of St. David's College, Lampeter, Wales. He was select preacher
Bebenburg1 Becket
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
at Cambridge in 1904, and has written Evidence of the Early Versions and Patristic Quotations on the Text of the New Testament, in Studia Biblica, ii (Oxford, 1890), and has edited Sermons Preached before the University of Oxford (1901) and U. Z. Rule's Graduated Lessons from the Old Testament (1902).
BEBENBURG, LUPOLD VON: Bishop of Bamberg, best known for his writings on ecclesiastico-political subjects; d. 1363. He came of a knightly Frankish family, and studied canon law at Bologna. From 1338 to 1352 he was a member of the chapters of Wtirzburg and Mainz and dean of St. Severus at Erfurt. In 1353 he was made bishop of Bamberg, and remained there till his death. In the struggle between Louis the Bavarian and Popes John XXII, Benedict XII, and Clement VI, he was among the jurists who took the emperor's side. His treatise De juribus regni et imperii Romanorum (ed. J. Wimpfeling, Strasburg, 1508; S. Schard, in De jurisdictione, auctoritate, et prceeminentia imperiali ac potestate ecclesiastica variis auctoribus scripta, Basel, 1566, and often), dedicated to Louis' supporter, the elector Baldwin of Treves, deals less with abstract ideas and Aristotelian politics than with historical considerations. Two minor works of his have also been preserved, one in praise of the devotion of the old German princes to the Church (in Schard, ut sup.), the other a lament over the condition of the Holy Roman Empire (ed. Peter, Wiirzburg, 1842).
(E. Friedberg.)
Biblioorapht: J. Looshorn, Die Geschichte des Bisthums Bamberg, iii, 246-306, Bischof Lupoid III von Bebenburg, Munich, 1891; A. Ussermann, Episcopatus Bambergensis, pp. 178-180, San Bias, 1802; S. Riezler, Die literarischen Widersacher der Papste, pp. 107-114, 180-192, Leipsic, 1874; F. Joel, Lupoid III von Bebenburg, vol. i, Sein Leben, Halle, 1891 (the result of diligent research).
BEC, ABBEY OF: Benedictine abbey of Normandy, situated at the present village of Le Bec- Hellouin (7 m. s.w. of Rouen). It was founded about 1034 by Herluin, a noble Norman, who was first abbot. Mainly because of its great teachers, Lanfranc (who came to the abbey about 1042 and was prior 1045 or 1046-66) and Anselm (entered the abbey 1060; prior 1063-78; abbot 1078-93; see Anselm, Saint, of Canterbury), it became a famous center of learning for Normandy and, after the Conquest, for England. Among those who studied there were: Anselm of Lucca, afterward Pope Alexander II; Anselm of Laon; Gilbert Crispin, abbot of Westminster, author of the life of Herluin; Milo Crispin, biographer of Lanfranc and certain of the early abbots; Arnulf and Gundulf, bishops of Rochester; Ivo of Chartres; Gutmund, archbishop of Aversa; and William, archbishop of Rouen. Its fifth abbot, Theobald, became archbishop of Canterbury (1139); and the seventh abbot was Vacarius, who about the middle of the twelfth century introduced the study of the Roman law into England. The abbey was destroyed during the French Revolution
Bibliography: The Chronicon Beccensis abbatia, with the live* by the Crispins above referred to, are in D'Achery's edition of the works of Lanfranc, Paris, 1648; reprinted
in MPL, cl; and the Gesta of seven Abbots °f Bee, by
l'eter the Monk, written 1150, are in
MPL, clxxxi.
BECAN (VERBEECK, VAN DER BEECK), MARTIN: Jesuit; b. at Hilvarenbeeck (35m. n.e. of Antwerp), in Brabant, Jan. 6, 1563; d. in Vienna Jan. 24, 1624. He joined the Jesuits in 1583; taught philosophy and theology at schools of the order in Cologne, Wtirzburg, Mainz, and Vienna and became confessor to the emperor Ferdinand II in 1620. He engaged in controversy with Lutherans Calvinists and Anabaptists, and in particular attacked the Church of England. In his Controversia Anglicana de potestate pontificis et regis (Mainz 1613) he defended the morality of assassinating a heretic king; and in Quwstiones de fide hcereticis servanda (1609) he declared that no promise or oath given to a heretic was binding. The former work was condemned at Rome. His collected works were published in two volumes at Mainz, 1630-31.
BECK, JOHANN TOBIAS: German theologian; b. at Balingen (40 m. s.s.w. of Stuttgart), Wurttemberg, Feb. 22, 1804; d. at Tubingen Dec. 2C, 1878. He studied at Tubingen 1822-26, was pastor at Waldthann and Mergentheim, went to Basel as extraordinary professor in 1836, and in 1843 to Tubingen, where he remained as professor and morning preacher till his death. He has been characterized as the most important representative of the strictly Biblical school of theology in the nineteenth century. He aimed to base all doctrine on the Bible, and allowed value to Church teachings only as interpretations of the Bible. He held an extreme view of revelation and inspiration, and hardly entered into critico-historical questions. His life was plain and simple, and his kind heart won general affection. He published, besides several collections of sermons, the following works; Einleitung in das System der christlichen Lehre (Stuttgart, 1838, 2d ed., 1870); Die Geburt des christlichen Lebens, sein Wesen und sein Gesetz (Basel, 1839) ; Die christliche Lehrwissenschaft nach den biblischen Urkunden, i, Logik (Stuttgart, 1841, 2d ed., 1875); Die christliche Menschenliebe, das Wort und die Gemeinde Christi (Basel, 1842); JJmriss der biblischen Seelenlehre (Stuttgart, 1843, 3d ed., 1873; Eng. transl., Biblical Psychology, Edinburgh, 1877); Leitfaden der christlichen Glaubenslehre fur Kirche, Schule und Haus (Stuttgart, 1862, 2d ed., 1869) ; Gedanken aus und nach der Schrift fur christliches Leben und geistliches Amt (Frankfort, 1859; 2d ed., 1878). After his death were published commentaries on the epistles to Timothy (Gtitersloh, 1879) and the Romans (2 vols., 1884), and on Rev. i-xii (1883); Pastorallehren des Neuen Testaments (1880; Eng. transl., Pastoral Theology, Edinburgh, 1882); Vorlesungen iiber christliche Ethik (3 vols., 1882-83); Brief e und Kernworte (1885); Vorlesungen iiber christliche Glaubenslehre (2 vols. 1886-87); Vollendung des Reiches Gottes (1887). (A. Hatjck.) Bibliography: For his life consult: Worte der Erinntrung, Tubingen, 1879 (the part by Weizsacker is especially valuable); B. J. Riggenbach T. Beck, ein Schriftgelehrter zum Himmelreich, Basel, 1888. On his theology consult: F. Liebetrut, J. T. Beck und seine Stellung zur Kirche