THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
IK
7- Treg-elles.
critical apparatus greatly abridged, but giving the chief authorities for all the important various readings, with the titles Editio seplima critica minor (1S59) and Editio oclava critica minor (1872-77).
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (q.v.) ranks next to Teschendorf in the importance of his critical labors, and in single-hearted devotion to his chosen task. In 1848 he issued a Prospectus for a critical edition of the Greek Testament, the text of which was to be founded solely on the authority of the oldest Greek manuscripts, the ancient versions to the seventh century, and the citations of early writers, including Eusebius. No account was made of the " received text," or of the great mass of cursive manuscripts. Completeness and accuracy in the exhibition of the evidence of the witnesses used were especially aimed at. Like Tischendorf, Tregelles visited (in 1845-46, 1849-50, and 1862) the principal libraries in Europe for the purpose of collating manuscripts the text of which had not before been published. These were the uncials B2 D2 E: F2 G1 Hj , Ib Kt LjMuR, UXZ r A, the" cursives 1, 13, 17, 31, 37, 47, 61, 69, and also Codex Zacynthius (H). In many cases Tregelles compared his collations with those of Tischendorf, and settled the differences by a reexamination of the manuscript. In 1861 he edited the Codex Zacynthius (H), republishing in an appendix the fragments of O. His edition of The Greek New Testament, Edited from Ancient Authorities, with their Various Readings in Full, and the Latin Version of Jerome, was issued in London in seven successive parts: i, Matthew, Mark, 1857; ii, Luke, John, 1861; iii, Acts and Catholic Epistles, 1865; iv, Romans to II Thessalonians (iii, 3), 1869; v, Hebrews (with IIThess. iii, 3-18) to Philemon, 1870; vi, Revelation, 1872. Part vii, Prolegomena and Addenda and Corrigenda, appeared in 1879, four years after his death, edited by Dr. Hort and A. W. Streane. Though Tregelles added far less than Tischendorf to our store of critical material, he did more to establish correct principles of criticism, and his various writings had a wide and most beneficial influence in England. He also published, in 1854, An Account of the Printed Text of the Greek New Testament, with Remarks on its Revision upon Critical Principles, and, in 1856, Introduction to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, forming part of vol. iv of the tenth and later editions of Home's Introduction. This volume was also issued separately, and in the eleventh edition of Home's Introduction (1861) appeared with "Additions" and a "Postscript."
In 1881 appeared The New Testament in the Original Greek. The Text Revised by Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort
(Cambridge and London). The American edition (New York) has a valuable introduction by Philip Schaff, with the cooperation of Ezra Abbot. Dr. Schaff also prepared a compact man-
tt eSd Ua' °^ ^ew T('stament criticism, A
•ct ort Companion to the Greek Testament and
the English Version (New York, 1883),
which embodies the substance of this introduction,
thoroughly revised. The text of Westcott and
Hort is accompanied by an Introduction am Appendix (1882) in which the authors discuss tin need of criticism for the text of the Xev Testament, the methods of textual criticism, th< application of its principles to the text, the natun and details of their edition, and add notes on se lect readings and orthography, with orthographica alternative readings, and quotations from the Ok Testament. In 1895 the text appeared in largei form, and, in 1896, the Introduction in finally revisec form. This edition is not accompanied with an\ critical apparatus; it rather was the object o; the authors, by a careful study of the materials furnished by their predecessors, augmented somewhat, however, by their own researches, tc trace the history of the text as far as possible to distinguish its different types, and determine their relations and their comparative value to investigate the special characteristics oi the most important documents and groups oi documents; and, finally, to apply the principles oi criticism which result from these studies to th< determination of the original text. Their view of the genealogical relations of the chief ancienl texts excited strong opposition in certain quarters but their work was recognized as the most import an! contribution to the scientific criticism of the New Testament text which had yet been made. They distinguish four principal types of text: the Western, characterized by a tendency to paraphrase or to modify the form of expression, and also tc interpolate from parallel passages or from extraneous sources, represented especially by D and the Old Latin versions, also in part by the Curetonian Syriac; the neutral, represented by B and largely by N. preserving best the original form; the Alexandrian, much purer than the Western, but betraying a tendency to polish the language; and the Syrian, the latest form, a mixed text, borrowing from all, and aiming to be easy, smooth, and complete. They regard B as preeminent above all other manuscripts for the purity of its text; the readings of X and B combined as generally deserving acceptance as genuine, their ancestries having " diverged from a point near the autographs " ; and they attach great weight to every combination of B with another primary Greek manuscript, as L C T D S A Z 33, and, in Mark, A. Westcott and Hort (see Westcott, Brooke Foss; Hort, Fenton John Anthony) began their work in 1853. Their method of cooperation was first independent study, then comparison. The Introduction is chiefly the work of Dr. Hort, whose name is one of the greatest in the history of textcriticism. He carried into the study of the text n large knowledge of church history and patristic theology, and it was this breadth of historical knowledge which made the Introduction the great work it is. The genealogical theory, suggested by Bengel and elaborated by later scholars, was here worked into a truly monumental form. A thorough acquaintance with this book is necessary to the student if he would have a clear insight of the deepest tendencies in the text studies of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries or an understanding of the course taken bv text-study in the
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