THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
&x: A fragment (sixth century) containing John vi, 13- 24, similar to 05.
©h; Three fragments (ninth century) of a Greco-Arabic manuscript of the Gospels. ©e-h are all in the collection of Bishop Porfiri at St. Petersburg, and were collated by Tischendorf.
A: Codex Tischendorfianus III (ninth century) containing Luke and John complete, with occasional scholia in uncials on the margin, partly of a critical kind. Now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; collated by Tischendorf (who brought it from the East) and Tregelles.
2 : Codex Zacynthius (eighth century), a palimpsest containing Luke i, 1-xi, 33, with some gaps; brought from the Island of Zante, and presented in 1S21 to the British and Foreign Bible Society, London: deciphered and published by Tregelles in 1861. The text, which is very valuable, is surrounded by a commentary.
II: Codex Petropolitanus (ninth century) of the Gospels complete, excepting seventy-seven verses. Brought to St. Petersburg by Tischendorf from Smyrna.
2: Codex Rossanensis (sixth century), containing Matt, i, 1-Mark xvi, 14, and belonging to the chapter of the Cathedral Church at Rossano, written on very fine purple vellum in silver letters, with the three first lines in both columns at the beginning of each Gospel in gold. It is adorned with eighteen remarkable pictures in water-colors, representing scenes in the Gospel history, with forty figures of the prophets of the Old Testament. Its miniatures bear a striking resemblance to those of the celebrated Vienna purple manuscript of Genesis. It numbers a hundred and eighty-eight leaves, some of which have been much injured by dampness. It originally contained the four Gospels. The text, as well as the writing, resembles that of Codex Nj of the Gospels. It was discovered in the spring of 1879, at Rossano in Calabria (Southern Italy), by Dr. Gebhardt of Gottingen and Professor Harnack of Giessen, who have published a full description of it, with two facsimiles of the writing and outline sketches of the miniatures, in an elegant quarto entitled EvangelioTum codex Grcecus Purpureus Rossanensis (Leipsic, 18S0). The illuminations are reproduced in exact facsimile by Antonio Munoz (Rome, 1907). The text seems to hold a position about midway between that of the older uncials and those of the ninth and tenth centuries, agreeing most remarkably with Ni, often with AAII, or with D and the Old Latin, against the mass of later manuscripts.
<■: Codex Beratinus (probably sixth century), containing Matt, vi, 3-Mark xiv, 62, with some lacunae, on purple vellum and in possession of the Church of St. George at Berat, Albania, made generally known by P. Batiffol in 1885. *: Codex Athous Laura; (eighth or ninth century), containing the New Testament except Matthew, Mark i, 1-ix, 4, Heb. viii, 11-ix, 19, and Revelation, is in the Laura Monastery on Mt. Athos, was examined by Gregory in 1886. fi: Codex Athous Dionysii (eighth or ninth century), containing the four Gospels, is in the Monastery of St. Dio- Dysius on Mt. Athos, was examined by Gregory in 1886.
-i: Codex Athous Andreas (ninth or tenth century), containing the four Gospels but with lacunae, is in the Monastery of St. Andrew on Mt. Athos, was examined by Gregory in 1886.
-■.■: Codex Patiriensis (fifth century), [twenty-one palimpsest leaves containing fragments of Acts and of the Catholic and the Pauline Epistles, now in the Vatican Library, was described by Batiffol (1891), partly read by W. Sanday (1895). J: The sign attached by Gregory to a fragment of N] before he knew its relationship.
■^6-12, 14: Small fragments (fifth to ninth century) of the Synoptics and I Corinthians in the convent of St. Catharine on Mt. Sinai, discovered by J. R. Harris and published in Biblical Fragments from Mt. Sinai (London, 1890).
Besides the uncials, there are known for the
Gospels over 1,200 cursives designated by Arabic
numerals, over 950 evangelistaries of
10. The which about 100 are in uncial wri-
Cursive Manu-
ting, varying in date from the tenth to . . the twelfth century. For the Acts Evang-eli's- ant^ ^e Catholic Epistles there are taries etc. over 400 cursives, for the Pauline Epistles about 500, and for the Apocalypse 180. Of lectionaries tlierc are known over 260, only a very few of which antedate the tenth
century. The following are noteworthy, either because of the value of their readings or for the influence they have had on the text:
1 Gospels, Acts, Catholic and Pauline Epistles: Codex Basiliensis (tenth or twelfth century), especially valuable for the text of the Gospels, contains the apparatus of Euthalius on'the Acts and Epistles. Kindred to it in the Gospels are 209, 118, 131.
1 Apocalypse: Codex Reuchlini (twelfth century), used by Erasmus (1516), in the University Library at Basel.
13 Gospels: Codex Parisiensis (thirteenth century), has some lacunae, was collated by Wetstein, Griesbach, and W. H. Ferrar, and is closely related to 69, 124, and 346, while 643, 788, and 826 belong to the same group.
13 Acts and Catholic Epistles, 17 Pauline Epistles, and 33 Gospels are all parts of the same manuscript (ninth, tenth, or eleventh century), and the text agrees often with that of the best uncials; collated by Griesbach, and Tregelles (1850).
14 Apocalypse, 31 Acts and Catholic Epistles, 37 Pauline Epistles and 69 Gospels are parts of the same manuscript (Leicester Codex, fourteenth or fifteenth century), collated by Tregelles, Scrivener, and Abbott (cf. 13 supra).
34 Acts and Catholic Epistles, 40 Pauline Epistles, 61 Gospels, and 92 Apocalypse are parts of the same manuscript (Codex Montfortianus, sixteenth century), at Trinity College, Dublin, collated by O. T. Dobbin (1854).
47 Pauline Epistles (eleventh or twelfth century), in the Bodleian Library, collated by Tregelles.
95 Apocalypse (Codex Parham, eleventh or twelfth century), belongs among the best witnesses to Revelation, collated by Scrivener.
565 Gospels (ninth or tenth century) in letters of gold on purple parchment, with especially ancient readings in Mark; designated 81 by Westcott and Hort, now in St. Petersburg.
2. History of the Printed Text: For more than half a century after the invention of printing, the original text of the New Testament remained unpublished. The credit of first printing it belongs to Cardinal Ximenes de Cisneros, archbishop of Toledo, who made it vol. v of his Polyglot Bible (see Bibles, Polyglot, I). The manuscripts depended upon were comparatively mod- 1. Complu- em and of inferior value Though
Erasmian ^e vomme is dated June 10, 1514, the Editions. New Testament was not published before 1521 or 1522, and thus was preceded by the Greco-Latin New Testament of 1516, published by Froben of Basel, and edited by Erasmus, who used as the basis of his text, in the Gospels, an inferior Basel manuscript of the fifteenth century (cod. 2), and one of the thirteenth or fourteenth century in the Acts and Epistles (cod. 2). With these he collated more or less carefully one more manuscript of the Gospels (cod. 1), two in the Acts and Catholic Epistles (codd. 1 and 4), and three in the Pauline Epistles (codd. 1, 4, 7). The oldest of these (cod. 1, tenth century) has a good text in the Gospels ; but Erasmus made very little use of it; the others are comparatively modern, and poor. For the Apocalypse he had only a single manuscript of the twelfth century, wanting the last six verses, which he translated into Greek from the Latin Vulgate. In various other places in the Apocalypse he followed the readings of the Vulgate in opposition to the Greek, as he did in a few cases elsewhere. The first edition of Erasmus was sped through the press with headlong haste (pra'cipi/alum fuit verius quam edition, as Erasmus himself says) in order that the publisher, Froben, might get the start of the Complutensian. It consequently swarms with errors.