THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
cf Enzinas (Enciena) and others of the clergy. It records with this that most of the manuscripts follow the order of the Hebrew canon.
Of printed texts the first in chronological order is the New Testament by Francis of Enzinas (Antwerp, 1543',; next a Bible printed in two editions (Ferra.a, 1553), one for Jews, the other for Christians (reprinted Amsterdam, 1G11, 1630; revised ed., 1661). In 1556 Juan Perez published (ostensibly at Venice, really at Geneva) an edition of the New Testament, which follows the original Greek. In 1569 a Bible was published, probably at Basel, in the translation of Cassiodoro de Reina. Another edition with slight changes was published by Ricardo del Campo, 1596, and an entirely revised edition by Cipriano de Valera was published at Amsterdam, 1602. The oldest Jewish-Spanish printed translation of the Pentateuch is that of distance, 1547. The Old Testament in Hebrew and Spanish was published by Solomon Proops at Amsterdam in 1762. It wns not until the end of the eighteenth century that a Roman Catholic scholar undertook to give his Spanish countrymen a new translation, with the Latin text and a commentary. The author of this wo:k (10 vol?., Valencia, 1790-93; 20 vols., Madrid, 1794-97) was Felipe Scio de San Miguel, bishop of Segovia. It was often reprinted. A more recent translation, having respect to the original texts, was published by Felix Torres Amat, bishop of Astorga (9 vols., Madrid, 1824-29; 6 vols., 1S32-35; reprinted, 17 vols., Paris, 1835). A corrected edition of Amat's version was published under the care of Senor Calderon, by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge in 1853. In 1893 the American Bible Society published a thoroughly revised edition of Valera's Bible, which may be regarded as practically a new version. The work was done by H. B. Pratt. A New Testament in the Catalan, translated by J. M. Pratt, was issued by the British and Foreign Bible Society. (S. Berger-]-.)
Bibliography: S. Berger, Nouvelles recherches sur les bibles . catalanes, in Romania, xix, 1890; idem, Les Bibles castillanes, ib. xxviii, 1899 (contains bibliography and list of MSS.); J. M. de Egur^n, Memoria de los codicet notables, Madrid, 1859; J. Rodriguez de Castro, Biblioteca espafiola, vol. i, ib. 1781; J. L. Villanueva, De la leccion de la S. Escritura en lenguas vulgares, Valenzia,
1791; Bible of Every Land, pp. 261-267, London, ICjI: The Governor of Madrid's Bible, ib. 1871; J. E. B. Mayor, Spain, Portugal, and the Bible, ib. 1895; G. Borrow, The Bible in Spain, latest ed., ib. 1906; KL, ii, 743-744; DB, extra vol., pp. 408-410.
XVIII. Bible Versions in the Mission Field: Eusebius (Theophania, iii, 28) says that the writings of the Apostles were translated in the whole world, in all languages of Greeks and barbarians; and Chrysostom and Theodoret repeat the remark with still greater emphasis. Nevertheless from this early time till the rise of Pietism and the founding of missionary and Bible societies little was done by the official Church or Churches for the translation and circulation of the Bible. The first Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society has an account of what was then the most famous collection of Bibles (at Stuttgart) and estimates the number of languages represented there at forty-one. The Bibles presented to the Society in its first year were in forty-six languages, from Arabic and Armenian to Turkish and Welsh. The catalogue of Bibles of the British Museum includes ninety-seven languages. The hundredth Report of the British and Foreign Bible Society, in the " Historical Table of Languages and Dialects in which the Translation, Printing, or Distribution of the Scriptures has been at any time promoted by the Society" (pp. 434 sqq.), gives 378 languages; versions in twenty-four languages prepared by other societies have been removed from the list. [The total number of languages into which the Bible, or parts of it, has now been translated is about 500.] The best conspectus is afforded by T. H. Darlow and H. F. Moule, Historical Catalogue of the Printed Editions of Holy Scripture in the Library of the British and Foreign Bible Society (2 vols., London, 1903-08).
E. Nestle.
Bibliography: The Bible of Every Land, London, 1861; It. N. Cust, Language as Illustrated by Bible Translations, ib. 188C; idem, Essays on the Languages of the Bible and Bible Translations, ib. 1890; idem, Three Lists of Bible Translations accomplished to Aug. 1, 1S90, ib. 1890;
J. S. Dennis, Centennial Survey of Foreign Missions, New York, 1901; E. Wallroth, in Allgemeine Missionzeitschrift, xviii, 1901; T. Nicol, The Bible and the Church and the Mission Field, in London Quarterly Review, Jan., 1904. The Reports of the various Bible Societies furnish the sources.