THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Esq., London, 1749, 3 vols.; fifth edition, enlarged, 2 vols., London, 1779.
Chamberlayne's work was followed by A New and Literal Translation of all the Books of the Old and Xew Testaments, with Notes critical and explanatory. By Anthony Purver (2 vols., London, 1764). Purver was a Quaker and originally a shoemaker. He taught himself Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, in order that he might understand the Bible. His work is often ungrammatical, and unintelligible; the notes are very similar to the text and, what is worse, full of pride and ill-nature. Notwithstanding these defects, Purver 7. Various sometimes gives a better rendering After8 tnan occurs m *he Authorized Version. 1750. — One year later appeared The Evangelical Expositor ; or a Commentary on the Holy Bible, wherein the Sacred Text is inserted at large, the sense explained, and different passages elucidated, with practical observations, etc. By T. Haweis, LL.B., M.D., London, 1765, 2 vols.; Glasgow, 3 vols. 4to, and various editions. Haweis (d. 1820) was rector of Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire; his work had little value. — Next to be mentioned is The Complete Family Bible : or a Spiritual Exposition of the Old and New Testament ; wherein each cfiapter is summed up in its context, and the sacred text inserted at large, with Notes, spiritual, practical, and explanatory. By the Rev. Mr. Cruden, London, 1770, 2 vols. — In the same year appeared a similar work under the title, A Commentary on the Books of Old and New Testaments, in which are inserted the Notes and Collections of John Locke, Esq., Daniel Waterland, D.D., and the Right Hon. Edward, Earl of Clarendon, and other learned persons, with practical improvements. By W Dodd, LL.D., London, 1770, 3 vols. This is mostly a compilation, the chief value of which consists in notes furnished from the original papers of John Locke, Dr. Waterland, Lord Clarendon, Gilbert West, and some others. Great use is also made of some of the printed and long-established commentaries on Scripture, such as Calmet, Houbigant, and Doddridge. Adam Clarke said, rather hyperbolically, that it was on the whole by far the best comment that had yet appeared in the English language. — The next work to be mentioned is The Self -Interpreting Bible, containing the Old and the New Testaments, to which are annexed an introduction, marginal references and illus-
trations explanatory notes etc., etc. By
the late Rev. John Brown, Minister of the Gospel at Haddington, London, 1778, 2 vols. It was repeatedly reprinted, and proved almost as popular south as north of the Tweed. — Henry Southwell published a Bible, Authorized Version ; with notes etc. ; wherein the mis-translations are corrected, London, 1782. — Another work of a similar character is The Holy Bible, containing the Books of the Old and New Testaments, carefully printed from the first edition (compared with others) of the present translation ; with notes by Thomas Wilson, D.D., Bishop of Sodor and Man, and various renderings, collected from other translations, by the Rev. Clement Crutwell, editor, London, 1785, 8 vols. Bishop Wilson's notes are merely brief hints either for the expla-
nation or the practical improvement of particular passages. Dr. Thomas Paris, in the Cambridge Bible of 1762, and Dr. B. Blayney, in the Oxford Bible of 1769, added considerably to the number of marginal notes and references.
But far more popular than any of the works already mentioned was the Bible with commentary edited by Rev. Thomas Scott (q.v.). It had the largest circulation and sustained it through many years. It appeared under the title, The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments ; with original notes, practical observations, and copious marginal references. By Thomas Scott, Rector of, Aston Sandford (London, 1788, and 8. Thomas often). As a commentary Dr. Scott's 'Scott work was superior to any that had Others appeared before its time. Home, to 1810. usually a discriminating judge, speaks of it in high praise (cf. his Manual of Biblical Bibliography, London, 1839, p. 259). — In 1799 appeared A Revised Translation and Interpretation of the Sacred Scriptures, after the Eastern manner, from concurrent authorities of critics, interpreters, and commentators' copies and versions ; shewing that the inspired writings contain the seeds of the valuable sciences, being the source whence the antient philosophers derived them, also the most antient histories and greatest antiquities, and are the most entertaining as well as instructing to both the curious and serious (by David Macrae, or J. M. Ray, J. McRay, or D. McRae; Glasgow, 1799; 2d ed., 1815; 4to, also in 3 vols. 8vo.). The author introduced many approved renderings, but marred the simplicity and dignity of the Authorized Version. — Another noteworthy annotated Bible is that of John Reeves, which appeared in ten volumes in London, 1802. The explanatory notes are based on Wells's Paraphrase, and the commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, and others. A similar work was the so-called " Reformers' Bible," The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, according to the Authorized Version, with short Notes by several learned and pious Reformers, as printed by Royal Authority at the time of the Reformation, with additional Notes and Dissertations, London, 1810. The notes in the Old Testament in this edition are taken from the Geneva Bible, the annotations of the New Testament from the Latin of Theodore Beza.
Also in 1810 there began to be published The Holy Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments : the Text carefully printed from the most correct copies of the present authorized translation, including the marginal readings and parallel texts ; with a Commentary, and Critical Notes, designed as a help to a better understanding of the 8- Adam Sacred Writings. By Adam Clarke, D'Oyly LL-D-> F-A.S., London, 1810-26. and The author, a Wesleyan minister (see Mant, Clarke, Adam), attained a high repu- Beflamv tat'on as a student of Oriental lan- 1810-34.' guages. The scope of the commentary is expressed in its own words: "In this work the whole of the text has been collated with the Hebrew and Greek originals, and all the ancient versions; the most difficult words