BOYD, ANDREW KENNEDY HUTCHISON i
Established Church of Scotland; b. at Auchinleck (28 m. s. of Glasgow), Ayrshire, Nov. 3, 1825; d. at Bournemouth, Hampshire, England, Mar. lr 1899. He studied at King's College and the Middle- Temple, London, and at the University of Glasgow (B.A., Glasgow, 1846); was ordained minister of Newton-on-Ayr 1851; minister of Kirkpatrick- Irongray, near Dumfries, 1854-59; of St. Bernard's, Edinburgh, 1859-65; first minister of the city of St. Andrews from 1865. He won distinction both as a clergyman and a writer (over the signature A. K. H. B., and the sobriquet " The Country Parson "), and was perhaps the most widely known minister of the Scottish Church. In 1866 he wasmade chairman of a committee to prepare a new collection of hymns and filled the place with much judgment and tact. He was moderator of the General Assembly in 1890. The most notable of his many books were Recreations of a Country Parson (3 series, London, 1859-78); Leisure Hours in Town (1862); Graver Thoughts of a Country Parson (3 series, 1862-75); The Commonplace- Philosopher in Town and Country (1862-64);. Counsel and Comfort Spoken from a City Pulpit (1863); The Autumn Holidays of a Country Parson
Boyle Bradley
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
(1864); Critical Essays of a Country Parson (1865); Sunday Afternoons in the Parish Church of a University City . (1866) ; Lessons of Middle Age (1867); Changed Aspects of Unchanged Truths (1869); Present Day Thoughts (1870); Seaside Musings (1872); A Scotch Communion Sunday (1S73); Landscapes, Churches, and Moralities (1874); From a Quiet Place (1S79); Our Little Life (2 series, 1881-84); Towards the Sunset, Teachings after Thirty Years (1SS2); What Set him Right, with other chapters to help (1885); Our Homely Comedy and Tragedy (1S87); The Best Last, with other papers (1888); To Meet the Day through the Christian Year (1889); East Coast Days and Memories (1SS9); Twenty-five Years of St. Andrews (2 vols., 1892), autobiographical reminiscences, continued in St. Andrews and Elsewhere (1894), and Last Years of St. Andrews (1896).
Bibliography: Consult, besides the autobiographical sketches mentioned above: A. Lang, in Longman's Magazine, May, 1899; DNB, supplement vol. i, 244-245.
BOYLE, ROBERT, AND THE BOYLE LEC- TURES : Robert Boyle was born at Lismore Castle (30 m. n.e. of Cork), Waterford, Ireland, Jan. 25, 1627, son of Richard Boyle, earl of Cork; d. in London Dec. 30, 1691. He studied at Eton and (1638-44) at Geneva and elsewhere on the Continent; on his return to England he lived at first on his estate, Stalbridge, Dorsetshire, after 1654 in Oxford, and after 1668 in London. As a scientist he holds a high rank and has been considered the heir to both the methods and abilities of Francis Bacon. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society (1662), and was constantly engaged in investigations which resulted in numerous publications. He wrote many theological, moral, and religious essays, gave freely for the translation of the Bible into various languages, and was liberal in private charity. He was governor of the Corporation for the Spread of the Gospel in New England (see Eliot, John). In his will he left an endowment of £50 annually for the Boyle Lectures, a series of 8 sermons, to be delivered each year in some church, against unbelievers. For the lectures St. Paul's was used in 1699 and 1701, the parish church of St. Mary le Bow 1711-1805, Westminster Abbey 1852-53, the Chapel Royal, Whitehall, 186-1-85, while the lectures of 1903-05 were delivered in the Church of St. Edmund, Lombard St. The first course was given by Richard Bentley (1692); his successors have included some of England's most prominent theologians. A selection from the sermons was published by Gilbert Burnet, vicar of Coggeshall, in 4 vols., London, 1737 A partial list of the published Boyle Lectures down to 1S92-93 is given in J. F Hurst, Literature of Theology (New York, 1896). Since then there have been published the lectures for 189.3, \Y C. E. Newbolt, The Gospel of Experience (London, 1896), and for 1903-05 by R. J. Knowling, The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ (London, 1905).
Loyle's complete works with life were published by Thomas Birch (5 vols., London, 1744; 2d ed , 6 vols., 1772).
BiDuocmrav: Am.Ic from the life by llirch there ;ire available: A. k Wood, Atliente Oxuniciiscs, ed. P. Bliss, ii, 280,
4 vols., London, 1813-20; A. C. Brown, Development oj the Idea of Chemical Composition, pp. 9-14, Edinburgh, 1869; DNB, vi, 118-123.
BRACE, CHARLES LORING : American philanthropist; b. at Litchfield, Conn., June 19, 1826; d. at Campfer in the Engadine, Switzerland, Aug. 11, 1890. He was graduated at Yale 1846; studied at the Yale Divinity School 1847-48 and at Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1848- 1849; traveled and studied in Europe for two years; in 1853 he became first secretary and executive agent of the Children's Aid Society of New York, and remained such till his death. He planned and developed the work and supported it in the earlier days with much self-sacrificing labor; industrial and night schools were established, lodging-houses provided for newsboys and for girls, reading-rooms opened, summer charities instituted, and nearly 100,000 boys and girls were assisted to new homes and occupations with healthful and moral surroundings. By thus removing incipient criminals a marked diminution in juvenile crime was shown in the police reports of New York. The history of the work was given by Mr. Brace in his annual reports and in his two books, Short Sermons to Newsboys, with a history of the formation of the Newsboys' Lodging House (New York, 1866); and The Dangerous Classes of New York, and twenty years' work among them (1872; enlarged ed., 1880). He published several works of travel of a popular character such as Home Life in Germany (1853); The New West (1869); and as results of considerable thinking and study, Gesta Christi, a history of humane progress under Christianity (1882; 4th ed., 1884); and The Unknown God, or inspiration among pre- Christian races (1890).
Bibliography: C. L. Brace, His Life, chiefly told in his own Letters, edited by his daughter, Emma Brace, New York, 1894.
BRACKMANN, ALBERT: German Protestant historian; b. at Hanover June 24, 1871, He was educated at the universities of Tubingen, Leipsic, and Gottingen, and occupies the position of associate professor of history at the University of Marburg. He is a collaborator of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Gottingen for the publication of early papal documents, and in addition to a number of contributions to historical periodicals has written: Urkundliche Geschichte des H alberstddter Domkapitels im M ittelalter (Wernigerode, 1S98).
BRADFORD, AMORY HOWE: American Congregationalist; b. at Granby, N. Y., Apr. 14, 1846. lie was educated at Genesee College, Hamilton College (B.A., 1867), Andover Theological Seminary (1870), and Oxford University. SincJ 1870 he has been pastor of the First Congregational Church, Montclair, N. J. He was associate editor of The Outlook from 1894 to 1901, member of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions deputation to Japan in 1S95, and moderator of the National Council of Congregational Churches in 1901-01. He is also first secretary and second president of the American Institute of Christian Philosophy, and was elected president of the American Missionary Association in 1904. He