THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Bangor Theological Seminary (1860), and held successive pastorates at the South Congregational Church, St. Johnsbury, Vt. (1860-73), and the First Congregational Church, Burlington, Vt. (1873-84), in addition to being chaplain of the Twelfth Vermont Volunteers in the Civil War. Since 1885 he has been professor of practical theology in Yale Divinity School. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State of Vermont in 1870. In theology he is a conservative liberal, and in addition to numerous briefer contributions has written Representative Modern Preachers (New York, 1904) and The Modern Pulpit (1906).
BRATKE, EDUARD: German Protestant; b. at Xeuhaus (a village near Waldenburg, 43 m. s.w. of Breslau), Silesia, Feb. 26, 1861; d. at Breslau Jan. 30, 1906. He was educated at the universities of Berlin, Gottingen (Ph.D., 1883), and Breslau (licentiate of theology, 1885). In 1886 he became privat-docent of the latter university, but four years later was called to Bonn as associate professor of church history, remaining there until 1903, when he returned to Breslau as full professor of the same subject. He wrote Justus Gesenius und seine Yerdienste um die hannoverische Landeskirche (Gottingen, 1883); Luthers fiinfundneunzig Thesen und ihre dogmenhistorischenVoraussetzungen (1884); Wegweiser zur Quellen- und Literaturkunde der Kirchengeschichte (Gotha, 1890); Das neuentdeckte rierte Buch des Danielkommentars des Hippolytus (Bonn, 1891); Das sogenannte Religionsgesprdch am Ho} der Sasaniden (Leipsic, 1900); Die Weisheit des Todes (Giltersloh, 1902); and Euagrii altercatio legis inter Simonem Judceum et Theophilum Christianum (Vienna, 1904; text and commentary).
BRATTON, THEODORE DU BOSE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Mississippi; b. at Winnsboro, S. C, Nov. 11, 1862. He studied at the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., but withdrew in 1882, a few months before graduation, because of trouble with his eyes. He was at once appointed proctor of the university, and in 1883 became a teacher in the preparatory school attached to the same institution. He pursued theological studies in St. Luke's Theological Hall, the seminary of the University, and was graduated in lss7. He was ordered deacon in the same year and was priested in 1SS8, after having been a missionary in his native State in the interval. He was then rector of the Church of the Advent, Spartanburg, S. C, 1888-00, also being professor of history in Converse College, Spartanburg, 1890-99, after which he was rector of St. Mary's School for Girls at Raleigh, N. C. In 1903 he was consecrated third bishop of the diocese of Mississippi.
BRAUN, JOHANN WILHELM JOSEF: Roman Catholic theologian and scholar; b. at Gronau (30 m. n.w. of Minister) Apr. 27, 1801; d. at Bonn Sept. 30, LS03. He was associated with the University of Bonn as a student from 1821 to 1825, adjunct professor from 1829 to 1833, and professor of theology from 1833. For the part which he took in the Hermesian controversy see Hermes, Georg. With J. H. Achterfeld, he published the Zeit-
schrift fi'ir Philosophie und hatholische Theologie from 1832 to 1852. His Bibliotheca regularum fidei (Bonn, 1844) and a number of occasional archeological studies should also be mentioned.
(A. Hauck.)
BRAY, GUIDO DE. See Bres.
BRAY, THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Marton, near Cherbury (17 m. s.w. of Shrewsbury), Shropshire, 1656; d. in London Feb. 15, 1730. He studied at Oxford (B.A., All Souls, 1678; M.A., Hart Hall, 1693; B.D. and D.D., Magdalen, 1696)' took orders about 1678, and soon won friends and advancement by his " exemplary behaviour and distinguished diligence." In 1690 he became rector of Sheldon, Warwickshire. In 1696 Bishop Compton of London appointed him commissary for Maryland. He was unable to sail for the colony until Dec, 1699, landed in Mar., 1700, but after a residence of less than six months returned to England, finding he could better promote the interests of the province there. From 1706 he was rector of St. Botolph Without, Aldgate, London.
Bray's life furnishes a striking example of what can be accomplished by energy, good judgment, and disinterested benevolence. As soon as he was appointed commissary for Maryland he took up the work, and, while detained in England, tried to find there suitable men to send out as missionaries and formed a plan to provide them with books. He did not limit his good services to Maryland, and his plan grew into a scheme for a " Protestant congregation pro propaganda fide Bray's by charter from the king." When Varied this failed in spite of persistent enand deavor, he organized a voluntary
Effective society to provide libraries at home
Activity, and abroad and to support schools and missions for the colonies and the heathen. The first meeting was held Mar. 8, 1699, and this was the beginning of the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (q .v.). In June, 1701, he divided its work and procured a royal charter for a second society — the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (q.v.) . From his appointment as commissary till he was able to sail he bore his own expenses and he paid the costs of his voyage. By his return he forfeited his .salary, which was available only when he was in Maryland. A present of £400 he devoted to public use. He collected and managed a fund for the instruction of the negroes in the provinces, and, at the age of seventy-one, became interested in the prisoners in the London jails and undertook to ameliorate their condition. It is believed that he influenced General Oglethorpe to found the colony of Georgia. His benefactions were continued by numerous bequests in his will.
Bray's exertions resulted in the foundation of
nearly forty libraries in America. In 1699, just
before he sailed for Maryland, he
Libraries wrote that he had sent books to the in America, value of £2,400 into the plantations, " whereby thirty libraries have been already advanced, and a foundation is laid of seventy libraries more." The greater number