THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
History of the New World, i, Oxford, 1892, 106-107). The story was known in France, Spain, and Holland in the eleventh century, and was very popular with all classes. It exists in translation into eight languages. Some of its incidents are derived from classical sources; others resemble the Arabian Xights. An expedition to the Hebrides and northern islands may have furnished the basis of fact.
Bibliography: Lanigan, Eccl. His!., ii, 2S-2S; St. Brandan, a metrical and a prose life, in English, cd. T. Wright, in Percy Society Publications, vol. xiv, London, 1S44; W. J. Rees, Lives of the Cambro-British Saints, pp. 251-254, 575-579, Llandovery, 1S53;W. Jieeves'sAdamnan'sLifeof St. Columba, p. 221, Dublin, 1857; C. Schroder, Sanct Brandan, ein lateinischer und drei deutsche Texte, Erlangen, 1871; A. P. Forbes, Kalendars of Scottish Saints, pp. 284-2S7, Edinburgh, 1872; F. Michel, Les voyages merveilleux de S. Brandan, Paris, 1878; J. Healy, Insula sanctorum et doctorum, pp. 209 sqq., Dublin, 1890; D. O'Donoghue, Brendaniana, Dublin, 1893; T. Olden, TheChurchof Ireland, pp. 63-64, London, 1895; C. Plummer, Some New Light on the Brandan Legend, in Zeitschrift fur celtische Philologie, v (1904), 124-141; J. O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints, v, 389- 472, Dublin, n.d.
BRENT, CHARLES HENRY: Protestant Episcopal missionary bishop of the Philippines; b. at Newcastle, Ont., Apr. 9, 1862. He was graduated at Trinity College, Toronto, in 1884, and was ordered deacon in 1886 and priested in 1887. He was then curate of St. Paul's Cathedral, Buffalo, N. Y., 1887-88, and of St. John the Evangelist, Boston, 1888-91, and associate rector of St. Stephen's, in the same city, 1897-1901, being also a member of the editorial staff of The Churchman from 1897 to 1900. In 1901 he was consecrated first bishop of the missionary district of the Philippine Islands. On May 6, 1908, he was elected bishop of the diocese of Washington. He has written With God in the World (New York, 1899); The Consolations of the Cross (1902); The Splendor of the Human Body (1904); and Liberty and Other Sermons (1906).
BRENZ, JOHANN.
Early Advocacy of the Refor- Opposed by the Emperor
mation (§ 1). (§ 3).
Activity in behalf of the New Activity, 1550-53 (§ 4).
Movement (§ 2). Controversies (§ 5).
Later Years (§ 6).
Johann Brenz, the German theologian and Swabian Reformer, was born at Weil (8 m. s. of Stuttgart) June 24, 1499; d. at Stuttgart Sept. 11, 1570. He received his education at Heidelberg, where, shortly after becoming magister and regent of the Realistenbursa in 1518, he delivered philological and philosophical lectures. He also lectured on the Gospel of Matthew, only to be prohibited on account of his popularity and his novel exegesis, especially as he had already been won over to the side of Luther, not only through his ninety-five theses, but still more by personal acquaintance with him at the disputai. Early tion at Heidelberg in Apr., 1518. In Advocacy 1522 Brenz was threatened with a of the Ref- trial for heresy, but escaped through ormation. a call to the pastorate of Hall. In the spring of 1524 he received a strong ally in his activity as a Reformer in Johann Isenmann (q.v.), who became pastor of the parish-church at Hall. The feast of Corpus Christi was the first to be discarded, and in 1524 the monastery of the
Discalced Friars was transformed into a school. In the Peasants' War, on the other hand, Brenz deprecated the abuse of evangelical liberty by the peasants, pleading for mercy to the conquered and warning the magistracy of their duties. At Christmas the Lord's Supper was administered in both kinds, and at Easter of the following year the first regulations were framed for the church and the school. Brenz himself prepared in 1528 a larger and a smaller catechism for the young, both characterized by simplicity, warmth, and a childlike spirit.
He first attained wider recognition, however, when he published his Syngramma Suevicum on Oct. 21, 1525, attacking CEcolampadius, and finding the explanation of the creative power of the word of Christ in the theory that the body and blood of Christ are actually present in the sacrament. Henceforth Brenz took part in all the important conferences on the religious situation. In Oct., 1529, he attended the Colloquy of Marburg, and in the following year, at the request of the Margrave George of Brandenburg, he was present at the diet in Augsburg, where he seconded Melanchthon in his efforts to reach an agreement with the adherents of the ancient faith, but refused
2. Activity all association with the followers of in behalf Zwingli. In 1532 he collaborated in
of the New the church-regulations of Branden- Movement. burg and Nuremberg, and furthered the Reformation in the margravate of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Dinkelsbtihl, and Heilbronn, while three years later Duke Ulrich of Wurttemberg called him as an adviser in the framing of regulations for the church, visitations, and marriage. In Feb., 1537, he was at Schmalkald, and two months later undertook the difficult but successful task of the reformation of the University of Tubingen. He likewise attended the conference on the use of images held at Urach, Sept., 1537, where he urged their abolition. Brenz returned to Hall in April of the following year, in June, 1540, attended the conference at Hagenau, was at Worms in the latter part of the same year, and in Jan., 1546, was at Regensburg, where he was obliged to deal with Cochlaeus, although, as he had foreseen, he was unsuccessful. He devoted himself with great zeal to his pastoral duties, and side by side with his sermons was evolved a valuable series of expositions of Biblical writings.
After the last remnants of the ancient regulations of the church of Hall had been abolished, his newrules appeared in 1543. Calls to Leipsic in 1542, to Tubingen in 1543, and to Strasburg in 1548 were declined in favor of his position at Hall. Brenz had long opposed the adherence of Hall and the margrave to the Schmalkald League, since he regarded resistance to the temporal authorities as inadmissible. Gradually, however,
3. Opposed his views changed, through the hostile by the attitude of the emperor. In 1538
Emperor. Hall entered the League, and after its
defeat Charles V came to the city (Dec.
16, 1546), and obtained possession of papers,
letters, and sermons of Brenz, who, despite the
bitter cold, was obliged to flee, although he re-