RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
British Churcb Brooks
of Copenhagen), Zealand, Aug. 5, 1585; d. at Copenhagen Apr. 19, 1652. He studied at Herlufsholm, Copenhagen, Leyden, and Franeker; became rector of Herlufsholm academy 1608; professor psedagogicus, University of Copenhagen, 1610; professor of Greek 1613; member of the theological faculty 1615. In 1617 he was appointed teacher to Prince Christian, son of King Christian IV., but returned to the university three years later. At this time Denmark was disturbed by Roman Catholic propaganda, and Brochmand made the controversy with Rome a subject of his public lectures. In 1626-28 he published Controversies sacrce (3 parts), a reply to Bellarmine's attacks on the Lutheran Church, and in 1634, at the king's order, he engaged in a polemic with the Jesuits, who endeavored to defend the conversion of Margrave Christian William of Brandenburg to Catholicism. In their final reply the Jesuits stigmatized Brochmand as a " disturber of the Roman empire, the boldest despiser of His Imperial Majesty and the Catholic rulers, a poisonous spider, and a degenerate Absalom." Against this pamphlet Brochmand delivered a series of lectures which after his death were collected and published under the title Apologia speculi veritatis confutatio (Copenhagen, 1653). He was ordained bishop of Zealand in 1639, and during his long and fruitful activity in this office reorganized the Danish church service, especially by abolishing the Latin choir, and by introducing Wednesday services during Lent. His reputation as a dogmatist was established by his Universes theologiw systema (2 vols., 1633) in which he proved himself a bitter opponent, not only of the Roman Catholics, but also of the Reformed, whom he calls " enemies of God and of truth." He wrote several devotional works, of which his Sabbati sanctificatio for more than two centuries was a favorite collection of sermons with the Danish people. (F. NiELSENf.)
BROEMEL, bru'mel", ALBERT ROBERT: German Lutheran pastor and author; b. at Teichel (15 m. s.s.e. of Erfurt), Schwarzburg, Apr. 27, 1815; d. at Ratzeburg (12 m. s.e. of Lubeck), Prussia, Oct. 28, 1885. He was educated at Gottingen, Jena, and Berlin, and after spending two years helping Otto von Gerlach (q.v.) in both educational and pastoral duties in the last-named place, was called in 1846 to be pastor of Lassahn in the duchy of Lauenburg. In 1854 he became superintendent of the whole district, with special charge of the principal church of Ratzeburg. Besides the multifarious duties which occupied him during the next thirty years, he found time for a considerable literary activity. His principal work was his Homiletische Charakterbilder (2 vols., Berlin, 1869- 1874), which is practically a history of preaching, especially the post-Reformation and German. As is natural from the character of his life, his writings generally are more practical than theo-
retlCal- (WlLHELM GLAMANN.)
BROMLEY, THOMAS: English mystic; b. in
Worcester 1629; d. 1691. He held a fellowship
in Oxford until 1660, when, as a non-conformist,
he refused to accept the Anglican Liturgy. But
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previously he had become a follower of Jakob Boehme the mystic (q.v.), and with John Pordage and Jane Lead had founded the Philadelphian Society (see Lead, Jane); when he left Oxford he came to Pordage, and lived with him many years. He rejected the outward church and advocated virginity for all. The Way to the Sabbath of Rest (last ed., 1802) is his most important work.
BROOKE, FRANCIS KEY: Protestant Episcopal bishop of the missionary district of Oklahoma and Indian Territory; b. at Gambier, O., Nov. 2, 1852; graduated at Kenyon College, 1874. He was successively rector at College Hill, Portsmouth, Piqua, and Sandusky, Ohio; St. Louis, Mo.; and Atchison, Kan., and was consecrated bishop in 1893.
BROOKE, STOPFORD AUGUSTUS: English Unitarian; b. at Letterkenny (16 m. s.w. of Londonderry), County Donegal, Nov. 14, 1832. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1856), and was ordained priest in the Church of England in 1857 He was successively curate of St. Matthew's, Marylebone (1857-59) and Kensington Church (1860-63). He was then chaplain to the princess royal, Berlin (1863-65), and after his return to England was minister of St. James's Chapel, York Street (1866-75), and of Bedford Chapel (1876-94). He was appointed chaplain to the queen in 1872, but in 1880 he withdrew from the Church of England, finding himself unable to accept the orthodox teaching concerning miracles. Among his writings special mention may be made of the following: Life and Letters of the late Frederick W Robertson (2 vols., London, 1865); Freedom in the Church of England (1871); Sermons (1868-77); Theology in the English Poets (1874); A Fight of Faith (1877); Spirit of the Christian Life (1881); Unity of God and Man (1886); The Early Life of Jesus (1887); History of Early English Literature (1892); Short Sermons (1892); History of English Literature (1894); Study of Tennyson (1894); God and Christ (1894); Jesus and Modern Thought (1894); Old Testament and Modern Life (1896); The Gospel of Joy (1898); and Poetry of Robert Browning (1902).
BROOKS, ELBRIDGE GERRY: American Universalist; b. at Dover, N. H., July 29, 1816; d. at Philadelphia Apr. 8, 1878. He was licensed at Portsmouth, N. H., 1836; became pastor in West Amesbury, Mass., 1837; in East Cambridge, 1838; in Lowell (First Universalist Church), 1845; in Bath, Me., 1846; in Lynn, Mass. (First Universalist Church), 1850; in New York (Church of our Savior), 1859; in Philadelphia (Church of the Messiah), 1868. He was general agent of the board of trustees of the General Convention, 1867- 1868. He was an eloquent preacher, courageous and energetic, an advocate of the Maine liquor law and of the cause of the Union during the Civil War, as well as of the doctrine of remedial punishment in the future world. He published Universalism in Life and Doctrine and its Superiority as a Practical Power (New York, 1863) and Our New Departure, or the methods and works of the
Brooks Brown