THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Universalis Church of America as it enters on its stroml century (Boston, 1874).
Bibliography: E. S. Brooks, Life-~\York of Elbridge Gerry Brooks, Boston, 1SS1.
BROOKS, PHILLIPS: American preacher and bishop: b. in Boston Dec. 13, 1S3.5; d. there Jan. 23, 1S93. He was of distinguished New England ancestry being descended on his father's side from John Cotton and on his mother's side from Samuel Phillips, the founder of Phillips Academy, Andover. He was graduated at Harvard, 1S55; studied at the Protestant Episcopal Theological School, Alexandria, Va., 1S56-59; became rector of the Church of the Advent, Philadelphia, 1859; of Holy Trinity Church, Philadelphia, 1862; of Trinity Church, Boston, 1S69; he was consecrated bishop of Massachusetts, 1S91. He was one of the most eloquent, spiritual, successful, and highly esteemed clergymen of his time, and held this position both by intellectual power and an engaging personality. His preaching was preeminently the product of his own experience; he was of broad sympathies and tactful in his dealings with men. He was particularly courteous in cultivating cordial relations with those of other than his own denomination. He gave the Lyman Beecher lectures on preaching before the Yale Divinity School in 1877 (published as Lectures on Preaching, New York, 1877), and was Bohlen lecturer at the Philadelphia Divinity School in 1S79 (The Influence of Jesus, 1879). He published five volumes of Sermons during his life (1878-90), and five have been added since his death (1893-190.3). His Letters of Travel written to his family appeared in 1893, and a volume of Essays and Addresses, religious, literary, and social, edited by his brother, John Cotton Brooks, in 1894. Individual sermons, addresses, etc., have been printed in many forms and the number of books of extracts from his preaching is very large. Bibliography: The best biography is his Life and Letters
by A. V. G. Allen, 2 vols., New York, 1900, condensed
into 1 vol., ib. 1907.
BRORSON, HANS ADOLF: Bishop of Ribe; b. at Randrup, on the west coast of northern Sleswick, June 20, 1694; d. at Ribe, Jutland. June 3, 1764. He studied at the University of Copenhagen (1712-17), devoting himself more to history and literature than to theology, and acted as tutor in the house of an uncle at Logum in Sleswick, where he caught the spirit of the religious revival at that time making itself felt in this province. In 1722 he was appointed minister at Randrup, and in 172!) he was called as deacon to Tondern! Here he began collecting Danish hymns for the use of his congregation, to replace the German ones previously sung before and after the Danish sermon. In 1732 he published a small volume of Christmas hymns which contains some of his most excellent compositions; later he published other booklets, and in 1739 the first edition of his Troens rare Klenodie (" The Faith's Rare Jewel "), a collection of 250 hymns, mostly translations from the German. In 1737 King Christian VI. appointed him dean of Ribe stift, and two years later he succeeded to the bishopric. Rrorson was one of the greatest of Danish hymn-writers, and is pre-
eminently the poet of Christmas. His hymns are associated with the melodies of the people, and he was essentially a singer for those who worship in the privacy of their homes. While not unable to write original hymns, it was especially the hymns and melodies of German Pietism that he transplanted into the church of Denmark. The best edition of his hymns is by P A. Arlaud (Copenhagen, 1867). (F. NiELSENf.)
Bibliography: A. D. Jorgensen, H. A. Brorson, Copenhagen, 1887.
BROTHERHOODS, RELIGIOUS. See Confraternities.
BROTHERS OF THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS.
See Christian Brothers.
BROUGHTON, brau'tun, HUGH: Church of England Hebrew scholar; b. at Oldbury (near the border of Wales, 20 m. s.w. of Shrewsbury), Shropshire, 1549; d. in Tottenham, London, Aug. 4, 1612. He was helped in his efforts to obtain an education by Bernard Gilpin (q.v.), and became fellow of St. John's and Christ's colleges, Cambridge (B.A., 1570). In London he gained fame as a preacher of Puritan doctrine. In 1588 he published A Consent of Scripture, a treatise on Bible chronology; it was attacked at both universities and Broughton undertook lectures in its defense at London. In 1589 or 1590 he went to Germany and thenceforth spent most of his life on the Continent, where he disputed with Jews, Roman Catholics, and Protestants who did not agree with him, and wrote letters to England asking for appointments. His learning and ability were unquestioned, but his unhappy temper and bad manners prevented his advancement. He was long anxious to assist in preparing a new version of the Bible, but when the translators were appointed by King James in 1604 he was not one of them, and when their work was done he made a bitter attack upon it. His writings were collected by Lightfoot, with the pompous title The Works of the Great Albionean Divine, Renowned in Many Nations for Rare Skill in Salem's and Athens's Tongues and Familiar Acquaintance with all Rabbinical Learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton (London, 1662); a sketch of his life is included.
Bibliography: Besides the life prefixed to his works, there are available sketches in: B. Brook, Lives of the Puritans, ii. 215 sq.|., London, 1813; A. a Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. P. Bliss, ii. 308 sqq., 4 vols., ib. 1813-20.
BROUSSON, bru"sf,ri', CLAUDE: French Protestant; b. at Nimes 1647; executed at Montpellier Nov. 4, 1698. He practised as a lawyer at Castres, Castelnaudary, and, after 1079. in Toulouse, and employed his talent with courage and self-sacrifice to defend his coreligionists against the rigorous measures of the government. In 16S3 he was compelled to leave France and lived for a time in Lausanne. He visited Berlin and Holland to bring about a coalition between the Protestant princes against Louis XIV In 16S9 he returned to France and traveled through the southern part of the country admonishing and exhorting his brethren, though a price was put on his head, ami he was hunted by the officials like a beast of prey.