THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
heresy must be supplemented by state punishment. Roused by Anabaptism, he urged in 1535 that no heretics should be admitted to the city and that, if all efforts at conversion proved fruitless, they should be punished by the secular arm, though with due consideration of the circumstances of each individual case. This position did not exclude capital punishment, and while Bullinger did not avail himself of it in the case of the Anabaptists, it is easy to see how he could counsel the execution of Servetus and the exile of Ochino.
The years 1564—65 were marked with sorrow for Bullinger. who lost many of his relatives and closest friends by death, and was himself so seriously ill with the plague that his life was despaired of. Even after his apparent recovery his health was shattered, and his sufferings from calculi increased until he was repeatedly near death. His last sermon was delivered on Whitsuntide, 1575, and four months later he died.
Bullinger's works are extraordinarily numerous but have never been published in collected form and some are extant only in manuscript. The catalogue of the municipal library of Zurich lists about 100 separate works, and this number is raised to 150 by J. J. Scheuchzer. Especially noteworthy are his Latin expositions of all the books of the New Testament with the exception of the Apocalypse, which were prepared up to 1548, when their place was taken by collections of sermons, the majority also in Latin, comprising 100 on the Apocalypse, sixty-six on Daniel, 170 on Jeremiah, and 190 on Isaiah. His sermons on the decalogue, the Apostles' Creed, the sacraments, etc., were highly esteemed and published under the title, Sermonum decades quinque io. The (Zurich, 1557; translated into Dutch Works of and French; Eng. transl., The Decades, Bullinger. London, 1577, ed. for the Parker Society by T. Harding, Cambridge, 1849- 1S51). Among his theological works special mention may be made of his De providentia (Zurich, 1553); De gratia Dei justificante, and De scriptura; sancta anctoritate et certitudine deque epiacoporurn institulione et functione (1538, Eng. transl., Woorthynesse, authorise, and sufflciencie of the holy Scripture, London, 1579). He was likewise the author of a drama on Lucretia and Brutus and of a hymn beginning: " O holy God, have mercy nowi " Bullinger also wrote a chronicle and description of Kappel, and later prepared a similar work entitled Antiquitates aliquot ccclesiw Tigurina, which is preserved in manuscript in the municipal library. An important source for the history of the Anabaptists is found in his Der W iedertaufern Ursprung, Fiirgang, Scl.ien (Zurich, 1560), but his chief historical work was his detailed chronicle of the Swiss, the most valuable part being the history of the Reformation up to 1532 (ed. J. J. Hottinger and H. H. Vogeli, 6 vols., Frauenfeld, 1838-40). (Emil Egli.)
Bibliography: Sources: Bullinger's autobiography was printed in Miscellanea Tigurini, hi. 1-171, Zurich, 1722; valuable aNo is his Reformationsgeschichte, 3 vols,, Frauenfeld, 1838-40. Other early sources are: J. W Stucki, Oratio funebris, Zurich, 1575; J. Simmler, De ortu, vita, et obitu Heinrici Bullingeri, ib. 1575; Archiv fiir die tchweizerische Reformationsgeschichte, vol. i., Solothurn,
1868. For his life consult: J. F. Franz, Merkwiirdige Zugt aus dem Leben des . H. Bullinger, Bern, 1828; 6 Hess, Lebensgeschichte Bullingers, 2 vols., Zurich, 1S2S- 1S29; G. Friedlander, Beitrage zur Reformationsgeschichte. Sammlung ungedrucl.ier Briefe des Bullinger, Berlin, 1837- C. Pestalozzi, Heinrich Bullinger, Elberfeld, 1S58; R. Christoffel, H. Bullinger und seine Gattin, Zurich, 1S75; G. R. Zimmermanri, Die Ziircher Kirche und ihre Antistes, ib. 1S77; Schaff, Christian Church, vii. 206-214 514, 618; Moeller, Christian Church, vol. iii. passim.
BUNBURY, THOMAS: Protestant bishop of Limerick; b. at Shandrum, County Cork, 1832. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1852), ordered deacon 1854, and priest the following year. He was curate of Clonfert, County Galway (1855-58), and of Mallow, County Cork (1S5S- 1863), rector of Croom, County Limerick (1863-72J, rector of St. Mary's, Limerick, and dean of Limerick (1872-99). From 1895 to 1899 he was also chaplain to the bishop of Limerick, and in the latter year was himself consecrated to that see. Died at Shandrum Jan. 19, 1907.
BUND, EVANGELISCHER ("Evangelical Union"): An alliance of German Protestants for maintaining Protestant interests in Germany. The occasion of the formation was the modern aggressions of the papacy (leading to the Kulturkampj) and the arrogance of Ultramontanism, the dream of which is to reestablish Catholicism in Germany. Its founder was Prof. W Beyschlag of Halle who, finding others interested in the scheme, called a preliminary meeting at Erfurt. October 5, 1886, which was attended by seventy men representing different types of Protestant theology. After a thorough discussion, an organization was effected under the presidency of Count von Wintzingerode-Bodenstein. The confessional basis of the alliance is: " Belief in Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, as the only mediator of salvation, and adherence to the principles of the Reformation." In the beginning of the year 1SS7 a circular containing 243 names was sent out. and when the alliance held its first annual meeting in Frankfort, August 15-17, 1887, 10,000 members were reported. The ecclesiastical authorities, who were at first indifferent, soon perceived the great importance of the Bund and expressed their approval of the purposes of the alliance, which in various ways has developed a great activity in opposition to the Roman propaganda. In public lectures the burning religious questions of the day are treated with the intention of sharpening and strengthening the Protestant consciousness. As the Bund has its own publication house at Leipsic, it publishes not only a monthly in behalf of Protestant interests, but also pamphlets intended to expose and to refute the claims of Ultramontanism and to repel attacks, especially directed against the memory and work of Luther and Gustavus Adolphus. The Bund has also the practical end of affording material help to weak institutions in the " Diaspora." The effect of the Bund is felt by the Ultramontanes, and their attacks upon it only show its necessity. (W BEYSCHLAGf.)
Bibliography: G. Warneck, Der evangelische Bund und seine Gegner, Leipsic, 1889; H. Meyer-Herrmann, Der Kampf des evangelischen Bundes gegen Rom und seint Wirksamkeit in der evangelischen Kirche, Barmin, 1S90;