THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
v.. 2 vols.. London, 1902; Pastor, Popes, vi. 379, 421; Creighton, Papacy, vi. 109-127 et passim; Schaff, Christian Church, vi. 262 et passim; Moeller, Christian Church, iii. 23 sqq. et passim (worth consulting). The subject is treated necessarily in works on the Reformation and on the church history of the period.
CHARLES (n6e RUNDLE), ELIZABETH:
Church of England authoress; b. at Tavistock (13 m. n. of Plymouth), Devonshire, Jan. 2, 1828; d. at Hampstead (a suburb, of London) Mar. 28, 1896. She was educated at home, and commenced to write at an early age, her work winning the approval of such authors as James Anthony Froude and Tennyson. In 1851 she married Andrew Paton Charles (d. June 4, 1868), a chandler, and did much philanthropic work among the poor of Wapping. After 1894 she resided at Hampstead, where she continued her interest in philanthropy, attending the meetings of the North London Hospital for Consumption, and taking an active interest in the MetropoUtan Association for Befriending Young Servants, while as early as 1885 she had founded at Hampstead a home for incurables called Friedenheim. Mrs. Charles was a prolific writer, but her fame rests chiefly on her Chronicles of the Schdnberg- Cotta Family, first published at London in 1863. This is a historical romance of the time of Luther, and gained wide popularity, running through many
editions and being translated into most European and several Oriental languages. Among her other works special mention may be made of her Rest in Christ, or the Crucifix and the Cross (London, 1848); Tales and Sketches of Christian Life in Different Lands and Ages (1850); The Two Vocations (1853); The Voice of Christian Life in Song (1858); The Martyrs of Spain and Liberators of Holland (1862); Wanderings over Bible Lands and Seas (1862); Sketches of Christian Life in England in the Olden Time (1864); Sketches of the Women of Christendom (1880); An Old Story of Bethlehem (1884); The True Vine (1885); The Great Prayer of Christendom : Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer (1886); Wanderings over Lands and Seas (1887); Martyrs and Saints of the First Twelve Centuries (1887); " By the Coming of the Holy Ghost" (1888); "By Thy Glorious Resurrection and Ascension " (1888); and the autobiographical Our Seven Homes, edited by Mary Davidson (1896).
CHARLES, ROBERT HENRY: Anglican theologian and Ethiopic scholar; b. at Cookstown (21 m. w. of Armagh), County Tyrone, Ireland, Aug. 6, 1855. He was educated at Queen's University, Ireland (B.A., 1877), and Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1881); and was incorporated M.A. at Exeter College, Oxford, in 1892. He was ordered deacon in 1883 and ordained priest in 1884, and was succes.5ively curate of St. Mark's, Whitechapel (1883- 1885), St. Phihp's, Kensington (1885-86), and St. Mark's, Kennington, Surrey (1886-89). In 1898- 1906 he was professor of Biblical Greek in Trinity College, Dublin, and in 1905 was also appointed Grinfeld lecturer on the Septuagint at Oxford. He was Hibbert lecturer at Oxford in 1898, Jowett lecturer in London in 1898-99, and select preacher at Dublin in 1889-1900 and 1902-03, and was elected a fellow of the British Academy in
1906. In addition to numerous contributions to theological periodicals and encyclopedias, he has written Forgiveness and Other Sermons (London, 1886); The Book of Enoch (Ethiopic text; 1903); Ethiopic Version of the Hebrew Book of Jubilees (Oxford, 1894); The Apocalypse of Baruch (Syriac text and translation; London, 1896); The Assumption of Moses (Latin text and translation; 1897); Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life in Israel, in Judaism, in Christianity (Jowett lectures for 1898-99; 1899); The Ascension of Isaiah (Ethiopic, Greek, and Latin texts and translation; 1900); The Book of Jubilees : or, The Little Genesis (translation; 1902); The Ethiopic Version of the Book of Enoch (1905); Greek Version of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs with the Variants of the Armenian and Slavonic Versions and the Hebrew and Aramaic Fragments (Oxford, 1906); Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs (1908); and, with W R. MorfiU, translation of the Slavonic text of The Book of the Secrets of Enoch (1896).