RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Churchyard Churching of Women
day after Pentecost (the Greek feast of All Saints) and the remaining period (oktoechos) has its Sundays designated, according to the evangelical lections, either as " Matthew Sundays " (second to fourteenth after Pentecost) or as " Luke Sundays " (fifteenth after Pentecost to the Western second in Advent and those after Epiphany). See Calendar,
THE ChEISTIAN.
The following are the earliest and latest dates on which the various church days named can fall: First Sunday in Advent, Nov. 27-Dec. 3. Septuagesima Sunday, Jan. 18-Feb. 22. Ash Wednesday, Feb. 4-Mar. 11. Easter, Mar. 22-Apr. 25. Ascension Day, Apr. 30-June 3. Whitsunday, May 10-June 13. Trinity Sunday, May 17- June 20.
Bibliography: Consult the hterature cited under Feasts AND Festivals, especially the works of Augusti, Bingham, Binterim, and Cruzer: J. C. W. Augusti, Die Feste der alien C/srtsfen, iLeipsic, 1817-20; F. H. Rheinwald, Die kirchliche ArcMologie, pp. 154-267, Berlin, 1830; H. Alt, Der christliche Cultus, part 2, das Kirchenjahr, ib. 1860; W. I. Kip, The Hist., Object and Proper Observance of Lent, New York, 1875; S. Butcher, The Ecclesiastical Calendar, London, 1877; A. H. Grant, Church Seasons, Historical and Poetical, New York, 1881; Handbuch der theologischen Wissenschaften, ed. 0. Zockler, iv. 361 sqq., Nordlingen, 1885; A. Tait, High Days of the Christian Year, London, 1890; DCA, ii, 2054-59 (gives list of the celebrations and their names in the different calendars); the literature under Calendar; Common Prayer, Book of.
CHURCH, ALFRED JOHN: Church of England classical scholar; b. in London Jan. 29, 1829. He was educated at Lincoln College, Oxford (B.A., 1851), and was curate of Westport St. Mary's, Gloucester, 1853-56; of St. Peter's Chapel, St. Marylebone, London, 1861-68; rector of Ashley, Tilbury, Gloucestershire, 1892-97; professor of Latin in University College, London, 1880-87. In theology he is an orthodox liberal Anglican, with a distinct appreciation of the value of higher criticism. His reputation rests upon his many pleasing tales from the Latin and Greek classics and from church history, those from the latter being such as The Story of Jerusalem (London, 1880); " To the Lions " (1889); The Crusaders (1904).
CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM: Dean of St. Paul's; b. in Lisbon Apr. 25, 1815; d. in Dover Dec. 9, 1890. He entered Wadham College, Oxford, 1833 (B.A., 1836; M.A., 1839; hon. D.C.L., 1875); was fellow of Oriel 1838-52; tutor 1839-42; junior proctor 1844-45; rector of Whatley, Somerset, from 1852 to 1871, when he became dean of St. Paul's. He was select preacher at Oxford 1868, 1876-78, 1881-82. The religious influences to which he was subjected at Redlands, near Bristol, where he attended school 1828-33, were narrowly evangelical; at Oxford, however, he was drawn into the Tractarian movement and he became an mtimate friend of Newman. A striking incident 01 his career was the veto by the proctors in convocation at Oxford, Feb., 1845, of the proposition to condemn Newman's Tract 90, in connection with "le degradation of William George Ward (q.v.).
he veto was pronounced by the senior proctor, nenry Peter Guillemard, but it was inspired by me junior proctor. Church. As dean he restored ^auls Cathedral, readjusted its revenues, and
reorganized its staff; he was faithful and zealous, but unostentatious. He translated The Catechetical Lectures of St.Cyril of Jerusalem (London, 1838) for Pusey and Newman's Library of the Fathers, wrote The Beginnings of the Middle Ages (1877) for the Epochs of Modern History series, and, with Canon Paget, revised Keble's edition of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity (Oxford, 1888). He published a critical study of St. Anselm (London, 1870) ; an essay on Dante (first printed in the Christian Remembrancer, 1850; reprinted with a translation of Dante's De monarchia by his son, F J. Church, 1878); Spenser (1879) and Bacon (1884) in the English Men of Letters series. His last work was The Oxford Movement (1891).
Bibliography: Mary C. Church, Life and Letters of Dean Church, London, 1894 (by his daughter); A. B. Donaldson, Richard William Church, ib. 1905; DNB, supplement, ii. 6-9.