THE NEW SCIIAFF-HERZOG
as seats of the worship of Dagon. A seventh pen- (iii v Phcnician seal is known on whicli is an inscription read Baal-l'agon: and tliis is corroborated by the testimony of Philo 15yblios to the effect that Dagon was worshiped elsewhere than in Phenicia and that he was worshiped by other Semites to the East. This is confirmed by the fact that a king of Isin (see Babylonia. VP, 3, § 4) is named Ishme- Dagan, while that of the Amarna Tablets is by a Dagan-takala — the name of the deity entering as an element in both names.
The meaning of the word and the form of Dagon's image are cognate questions still under discussion. Some see in the word a diminutive of affection formed from the Semitic dag, " fish " (of. shunshon, " little sun ''), and affirm that the form was that of a fish with the head and hands of a man. To this theory the statement in I Sam. v. 4, " only Dagon (i.e., the fishy stump) was left to him," is made tributary, and the explanation is given that after the human head and hands were broken off, only the fish-like form was left. With this agree the reports from the Greek age of the worship on the Philistine coast of a deity half fish and half man. Philo Byblios derives the name from a Semitic root dagan, " grain," and makes of the god a deity of agriculture {Zeus arotrios). With this fits in well the ear of grain on the Phenician seal mentioned above, though the argument is not strongly cogent. Both of these derivations seem to have warrant in early Semitic, if not in Sumerian worship, as in the case of Ea (see Babylonia, VII., 2, § 3), a deity derived from the water, and of the Cannes or Odakon of Berosus, who was pictured as part man, part fish. A Babylonian god Dagon was known, and the Arabic dagn, " fruitful rain," suggests a connection with agriculture. Sayce, Delitzsch, and Schrader agree in finding a pre-Semitic origin for the deity. In Greco-Roman times a goddess Derceto (Atarjatis) was known, also connected with agriculture, who may have been the consort of Dagon but is not to be confounded with him.
Nothing is known of the form of the cult except that the worshijiers avokl(>d stepping on the threshold of the temple — a custom wliich has its parallels Disewhere. Possibly, though not certainly, allusion is made to this in Zeph. i. 9.
Geo. W. Gilmore.
Bibliography: H. l-Sayoo, Huiher Criticism and the Monuments, pp. 32.5-.327, London, 1894; F. Delitzsch, Wo lay das Parodies? Leipsic. ISMl; G. F. Mnore, Cummentarij on Jwiqcs, pp. :i.-jS-359; Schrader, KAT, p. ,358; P. Jensen, Kosmiilogie der Babylonier, pp. 449-456, Strasburg, 1890. EarMer material is found in: J. Selden, De dis Syris, ii., chap, iii., London, 1017; F. C. Movers, Die Phiinizier, i. 143-144, ry.H), Bonn, 184!; P. Scholz, Gidzemiienst und Zauherwrscn, pp. 238-244, Kegenshurg, 1S77. Consult also; O/J, i. 544; EB, i. 9S3 9S5; Menant, in xi (1SS.5J, 295-301.
DAILLE, de"lye' (DALL.(EUS), JEAN: French Protestant; b. a( Cliatellerault (IGO m. s.w. of Paris), department of Vienne, Jan. 0, 1594; d. at Charenton (an eastern suburb of Paris, where the Protestants met for worship after IGOli; .see Ablon) Apr. 15, 1()7(). lie studied pliilosopliy at Poitiers and at S:iumur. In Kll'i the governor of the lastnamed city, the celebrated Du Piessis-Mornay, made him tutor of his grandsons. With his pupils
he traveled in Italy (1619), and at Venice made the ae(|uaintance of Fra Paolo Sarpi. In 1(>23, after liis pupils had passed (heir examination, he became chaplain at Mornay's chateau La Foret. His benefactor having died soon after, Daill^ returned to Saumur, where he prepared Mornay's memoir for the press and was appointed preacher. In 1G2G ho was called as minister of the Paris congregation at Charenton. He belonged to the liberal party, took an active part in the Calvinist synods, and was a moderator of the last Synod of Loudun. His most important works were Traite de I'employ des Saints-Peres pour le jugement des diffcrents qui sont aujourd'hui en la religion (Geneva, 1632; Eng. transl., A Treatise concerning the Right Use of the Fathers in the Decision of the Co7itrovcrsics that are at this Day in Religion, London, 1651 and 1G75; reissued 1841); Apologie des eglises riformccs oil est montrce la nccessite de leur separation d'avec I'eglise Romaine, contre ceux qui les accuscni de faire schisme en la Chrestientc (Charenton, 1633; Eng. transl., An Apologie for the Reformed Churches, 1653); La Foy fond/e sur les Saintes ^critures, contre les nouveaux Methodistes (1634); De la creance des pircs sur le fait des images (Geneva, 1641).
G. Bonet-Maury.
Bibliography: Sources are: J. Daill^, L'Abrcge de la vie
de J. Daille, Geneva, 1671 (by his son); E. and 6. Haag,
La France protestante, ed. H. L. Bordier, vol. v., Paris, 1886; Lichtenberger, ESR, iii. 557-562.
DALAND, WILLIAM CLIFTON: Seventh-day Baptist; b. at New York City Oct. 25, 1860. He was graduated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1879 and Union Theological Seminary in 1886. While in the Seminary he changed from the Baptists to the Seventh-day Baptists. He held pastorates at Leonardsville, N. Y. (1886-91), Westerly, R. I. (1891-96), London (1896-1900), and again at Leonardsville (1900-02). Since 1902 he has been president of Milton College, Milton, Wis., where he is also professor of philosophy and English. He was recording secretary of the Seventhday Baptist Missionary Society in 1891-96. In theology he is a Trinitarian in the sense of the Apostles' Creed, and philosophically is a moderate Calvinist, although an Arminian practically. As regards authority, his views are " Bibliocontric," and he accepts the conclusions of a moderate and reverent criticism. He has published an annotated translation of the Sonq of Songs (Leonardsville, N. Y., 1SS7).
DALE, JAMES WILKINSON: American Presbyterian; b. at Cautwell's Bridge (Odessa), New Castle County, Del., Oct. 16, 1S12; d. at Media, Pa., Apr. 19, 1881. He was graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, 1831; studied theology at Andovcr, 1S32-33, at Princeton, 1S33-34, and was graduated at Andover, 18155; he also studied medicine (M.])., University of Pennsylvania, 18.'>S) with a view to more efficient service as a missionary in India, but financial difficulties of the .\meric:in Board pievented his departure; he was agent of the American Bible Society for Pennsylviuiia, IS.iS- 1815; pastor at Ridley and Middlelown, Pa., 1S45- ISGt;, at Media, lSGG-71, at Wayne, LS71-7(i. He issued iniuiy sermons and labored zealously in be-