RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Davidis Davidson
and imprisonment until a general synod should request him to revoke his heresy. In June of the same year a disputation took place at a synod in Thorenburg; and in July Davidis was tried at Weissenburg in the presence of the sovereign, condemned as innovator and blasphemer, and thrown into prison for life at the mountain-fortress of Deva.
His party did not disappear. Although Blandrata succeeded for the moment in winning the Unitarian divines over to an adorantistic confession of faith and in reintroducing the ceremonies of baptism and the Lord's Supper, there 5. Influence, separated themselves from these New Unitarians the adherents of Davidis as Old Unitarians or Davidists or Non-adorantes, and from the latter again there originated the sect of the Sabbatharians, thus completing the circle from Catholicism through Lutheranism, Calvinism, Unitarianism, Non-adorantism to a sect in which Christianity closely approached Judaism. Davidis 's literary works were occasioned by his controversies, the most important being De falsa et vera unius Dei Patris, Filii et Spiritus Sancti, cognitione libri duo (Weissenburg, 1567) and Refutatio scripti G. Majoris (1569). The latter treatise was occasioned by his controversy on the Trinity with G. Major of Wittenberg. Davidis also wrote in Hungarian " On the Divinity of the One God-father and His Blessed Holy Son Jesus Christ " (1571).
K. HOLL.
Bibliogkaphy: The best monograph, unfortunately only in Hungarian, is Elek Jakob, David Ferencz Emleke, 2 vols., Budapest, 1879. Consult: F. C. Baur, Die christliche Lehre von der Dreieinigkeit, iii. 144 sqq., Tubingen, 1843; 0. Foek, Der Socinianismus, Kiel, 1847; P. Bod, Hist, Hungarorum eccl., ed. L. W. E. Rauwenhoff and J. J. Prinz, i. 397-457, Leyden, 1888 (history of Unitarianism in Hungary); J. H. Allen, Hist, of Unitarians, pp. 60-68, 105-112, New York, 1894. On the communion controversy: K. Landsteiner, J. Palaologus, Vienna, 1873. A statement of Davidis's principles is in Opera J. Palceologi, Basel, 1581. Consult KL, iii. 1421-23; ADB, iv. 787.
DAVIDISTS: Followers of David Joris. See
JORIS.
DAVIDS, THOMAS WILLIAM RHYS: English student of comparative religion and Buddhist scholar; b. at Colchester (51 m. n.n.e. of London), Essex, May 12, 1843. He studied at Breslau (Ph.D., 1865), and entered the Ceylon Civil Service in 1866. In 1877 he became a barrister at the Middle Temple, London, and in 1883 was appointed professor of Pali and Buddhistic literature at University College, London. Since 1904 he has also been professor of comparative religion at Victoria LTniversity, Manchester. In 1882 he founded the Pali Text Society, of which he has since been president, also editing its Journal and other publications. He was Hibbert lecturer in 1881, and has been secretary and librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society since 1887. He has written, edited, or translated : Ancient Coins and Measures of Ceylon (London, 1877); Buddhism (1878); Buddhist Birth-Stories, 1. (1880); Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion as Illustrated by Some Points in the History 0/ Buddhism (Hibbert lectures; 1881); Buddhist Suttas,^ in SBE, xi. (Oxford, 1881); Vinaya Texts, lb. .xiii., xvii., xx. (in collaboration with H. Oldenberg; 1881-85); The Questions of King Milinda,
ib. XXXV. (1890); Buddhism, Its History and Literature (New York, 1896); Dialogues of the Buddha (London, 1899); and Buddhist India (1902). He is also the editor of the Sacred Books of the Buddhists, for which he edited Dialogues of the Buddha (London, 1899) and the Dlgha-Nlkaya (1899), while to the Journal of the Pali Ten Society he contributed an edition of the Sumangala Vilasini in collaboration with J. E. Carpenter (London, 1886).
DAVIDSON, ANDREW BRUCE: United Free Church of Scotland; b. on the farm of Kirkhill, parish of Ellon (15 m. n. of Aberdeen), Aberdeenshire, 1831 (probably Dec, although the exact date is uncertain); d. at Edinburgh Jan. 26, 1902. He studied at Marischal College, Aberdeen (M.A., 1849), taught in the Free Church school of Ellon until 1852, and was graduated at New College, the divinity hoallf the Free Church, Edinburgh, in 1856. He filled several pulpits temporarily, but never held a charge. In 1858 he was appointed assistant to John Duncan, professor of Hebrew in New College, and in 1863 became full professor of Oriental languages and Duncan's colleague. After the latter's death in 1870 Davidson was sole professor until 1900, when he was senior colleague. He was an admirable Biblical scholar and critic, and a famous teacher. He was a member of the Old Testament Company of Revisers. He preached occasionally and with great acceptance, but reluctantly and preferably in obscure places. His literary work was relatively small in amount, but superior in quality. In addition to editing for The Cambridge Bible for Schools the volumes on Job (Cambridge, 1884), Ezekiel (1892), and Nahum, Habbakuk, and Zephaniah (1896), as well as Isaiah for The Temple Bible (London, 1902), he wrote: Outlines of Hebrew Accentuation, Prose and Poetical (London, 1861); A Commentary on Job (Edinburgh, 1862), which covers only the first third of the book; Introductory Hebrew Grammar (1874; 17th ed., 1902); The Epistle to the Hebrews with Introduction and Notes (1882); and Hebrew Syntax (1894; 3d ed., 1905). After Davidson's death his colleague, J. A. Patterson, issued his Biblical and Literary Essays (1902); Old Testament Prophecy (1902); and two volumes of sermons. The Called of God (1902; with a biographical introduction by A. T. Innes) and Waiting upon God (1903); whUe Principal S. D. F. Salmond edited his Theology of the Old Testament (1904).
DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS: Archbishop of Canterbury and primate of all England; b. at Edinburgh Apr. 7, 1848. He studied at Trinity College, Oxford (B.A., 1871), was curate of Dartford, Kent, 1874-77, and chaplain and private secretary to the archbishops of Canterbury Tait (1877-82) and Benson (1882-83). Hewasdeanof Windsor(1883-91), became bishop of Rochester 1891, was translated to the see of Winchester 1895, and consecrated archbishop of Canterbury 1903. He was domestic chaplain to the Queen 1883-91, and clerk of the closet to the Queen 1891-1901, and to the King 1901-03, a prelate of the Order of the Garter 1895- 1903, while in 1904 he was created a Grand Com-
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