THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
mander of the Victorian Order. lie lias written Lije of Archliitihop Tait (2 vols., London, 1S91; in collaboration with W Bcccham) and The Christian Opportunity (]',H14), and has edited The Lambeth Conferences of 1867, 1S7S, and 1888 (London, 1889).
DAVIDSON, SAMUEL: English Congregationalist; b. at Kellswater (4 m. s. of Ballymena), CouTity Antrim, Ireland, Sept. 23, 1807; d. at London Apr. 1, ISOS. He was graduated at the Royal Academical Institution, Belfast, in 1832. Three years later he was appointed professor of Biblical criticism at Belfast to the General Synod of Ulster, and retained this position until 1841, when he became a Congregationalist. In 1842 he was appointed professor of Biblical literature and ecclesiastical history in the Lancashire Independent College, Manchester. He resigned in 1.857, on account of opposition to his views of inspiration, and in 1SG2 was elected Scripture examiner in London University, and removed to London. He was a member of the Old Testament Revision Committee. His theology was rationalistic. In addition to translations he wrote: Sacred Hermeneutics (Edinburgh, 1843); Ecclesiastical Polity of the Xew Testament (London, 1848); Treatise on Biblical Criticism (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1852); The Hebrew Text of the Old Testament Revised from, Critical Sources (London, 1855); The Text of the Old Testament Considered, with a Treatise on Sacred Interpretation, and a Brief Introduction to the Old Testament Books and the Apocrypha (1856; vol. ii. of the tenth edition of T. H. Home's Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures); An Introduction to the Old Testament, Critical, Historical, and Theological (3 vols., 1862- 1863); An Introduction to the New Testament (2 vols., 1868); On a Fresh Revision of the English Old Testament (1873); The Canon of the Bible (1876); and The Doctrine of Last Things Contained in the New Testament, Compared with the Notions of the Jews and the Statements of the Church Creeds (1882). Bibliography: Autobiography and Diary, with selection of letters, edited by his daughter, Miss A. J. Davidson, Edinburgh, 1899.
DAVIES, JOHN LLEWELYN: Church of England; b. at Chichester Jan. 26, 1826. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1818; M.A., 1S51), where he was fellow 1851-59. He was curate of St. Anne's, Limehousc, 1851-52, vicar of St. Mark's, Whitechapel, 1852-56, and rector of Christ (Jhurch, St. Marylebone, 1856-89, and rural dean 1S82-88. Since 1S88 he has been vicar of Kirkby- Lonsdale, Westmorelandshire. He was honorary chaplain to Queen Victoria 1876-81, chaplain in ordinary 1SS1-19()1, and is an honorary chaplain to King Edward VII., while he has been principal of Queen's College for Ladies, London, one of the founders of the Workingmen's (College, London, and chairman of the committee of the New Hospital for ^^'omen. He was select preacher at Oxford in 1881, Hulsean lecturer at Cambridge in 1890, and Lady i\Iarf^aret preacher at the .same vmiversity ten years later. In theology ho is a follower of 1 I). .Maurice. Among his numerous publications may be mentioned: Moralitj/ Accordim/ to the Stirramcnt of the Lord's Supper (London, 1865); EpiHties
of St. Paul (1866); The Gospel and Modern Life (lS(i9); Homilies, Ancient and Modern (2 vols., 1881); Social Questions from the Point of \'iew of Christian Theology (1885); and Workingmen's College, 1854-1904 (1904).
DAVIES, SAMUEL: Presbyterian; b. near Summit Ridge, New Castle County, Del., Nov. 3, 1724; d. in Princeton, N. J., Feb. 4, 1761. He studied at Samuel Blair's School at F'agg's Manor (Londonderry), Chester County, Pa.; was ordained in 1747 and sent to Hanover County, Va., where his position was difficult and delicate owing to opposition on the part of the authorities to dissenters. In 1753-54 he was in England, with Gilbert Tennent, soliciting funds for the College of New Jersey (Princeton), and while there secured a royal declaration that the Act of Toleration extended to Virginia. Returning to America, he organized the first presbytery in Virginia in 1755. In 1759 he succeeded Jonathan Edwards as president of Princeton. He was an eloquent preacher, admired in England as well as in America.
Bibliography: His sermons were printed in five volumes, London, 1767-71; the best Am. edition, 3 vols.. New York, 1846, has an essay on his life and times by Albert Barnes, and a separate Memoir was published at Boston in 1832. Consult also E. H. Gillett, History of the Presbyterian Church, chaps, vii., viii., Philadelphia, 1864.
DAVIES, THOMAS WITTON: EngHsh Baptist; b. at Nantyglo (16 m. n.w. of Newport), Monmouthshire, Feb. 28, 1851. He studied at the Baptist colleges at Pontypool and Regent's Park, University College and Manchester College, London (B.A., London University, 1879), and the universities of Berlin, Leipsic (Ph.D., 1898), and Strasburg. He was minister of the High Street Baptist Church, Merthyr-Tydfil (1879-81); professor of Hebrew, classics, and mathematics in the Baptist college at Haverfordwest (1881-91); principal and professor of theology in the Midland Baptist College, Nottingham (1891-98); and lecturer in Arabic and Syriac at University College, Nottingham (1896-98). Since 1898 he has been professor of Semitic languages in the University College of North Wales, Bangor, and was also professor of Old Testament literature in the Baptist College, Bangor, 1898-1906. In doctrinal theology he is in the main Evangelical, and in criticism is an adherent of the Graf-Wellhausen school. He has written: Oriental Studies in Great Britain (Woking, 1892); Magic, Divination, and Demonology Among the Hebrews and Their Neighbours (London, 1S97); The Scriptures of the Old Testament (in \\'clsli, Wrexham, 1900); Heinrich Ewald, Orientalist and Theologian, 1803-1903: A Centenary Appreciation (London, 1903); and Psalms 73-150 with Introduction and Commentary {in The Century Bible, 1906).
DAVIS, JOHN D.: Presbyterian; b. at Pittsburg, Pa., Mar. 5, 1854. He studied at the College of New Jersey (B.A., 1879), the University of Bonn (1879-80), Princeton Theological Seminary (ISSO- 1883), and the University of Leipsic (1884-86). He has been instructor in Hebrew in Princeton Theo- !o,!;ical Seminary (188;5-84 and 1886-88), and professor of Hebrew and cognate langu:iges (1888-92), of Semitic philology and Old Testament history