THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Louvain, Rome, and Douai; and as teacher at Tournai, Paris, Toulouse, Nimes, Pisa, and Bologna. He possessed a remarkable memory, and accumulated a great store of learning; was impetuous, contentious, and ill-mannered, and his personal character is not free from reproach. The best known of his writings (all in barbarous Latin) is the Histo)-ia ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum (Bologna, 1627; ed. David Irving for the Bannatyne Club, 2 vols., Edinburgh, 1829), a biographical dictionary of Scotchmen, remarkable for its fictions rather than its facts. He wrote also upon Roman antiquities, Etruria, etc., and edited and annotated Benedetto Accolti's De hello a Christianis contra harbaros gesio (Florence, 1623).
DENIO, FRANCIS BRIGHAM: Congregationalist; b. at Enosburg, Vt., May 4, 1848. He was graduated at Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vt., in 1871 and Andover Theological Seminary in 1879, and was ordained in 1881. He was instructor in New Testament Greek in Bangor Theological Seminary 1879-82, and has been professor of Old Testament language and literature since 1882. His theological position is moderate. His has written Outlines of Old Testament Theology (Bangor, Me., 1897) and Supreme Leader; Study of the Nature and Work of the Holy Spirit (Boston, 1900).
DENIS (DIONYSIUS), SAINT: First bishop of Paris and patron saint of France; d. a martyr at Paris either under Valerian (253-260) or Maximian (285-305). He is said to have gone to Gaul about 250, established himself on the island in the Seine now known as La Cite in Paris, and, with miracles attesting the divine favor, to have built a church there and ordered the church life. Persecution broke out, Denis was arrested with Rusticus, a priest, and Eleutherius, a deacon, and after cruel tortures the three were beheaded. They were buried where they fell on the heights of Montniartre {Mons martyrum according to tradition, though the original name was more likely Mons Martis). The place became a great resort of pilgrims, and wonders were wrought there. Thence in the seventh century the relics were transferred to the famous Abbey of St. Denis founded by Dagobert I.
In the first half of the ninth century Hilduin, abbot of St. Denis (q.v.), at the request of Louis the Pious, wrote a life of the saint {MPL, cvi. 23-50); and here, for the first time, St. Denis is identified with Dionysius the Areopagite. All the great activity which the Abbey of St. Denis developed in the field of French history from the ninth to the fourteenth century is centered in the idea that Dionysius the Areopagite (q.v.) is the patron saint of France. Abelard (q.v.) had his doubts; and it was not until the middle of the seventeenth century that Launoy {De Areopagiticis Hilduini, Paris, 1641, and De duobus Dionysiis, Paris, 1640) and Sirmond {Disseriatio in qua ostenditur discrimen Dionysii Parisiensis et Dionysii Areopagitce, Paris, 1641) suceoeded in exploding the audacious hypothesis. The .shrine of St. Denis grew immensely rich, and the abbey became a storehouse packed with valuable historical memorials (cf. M. r61ibion, Histoin <!c I'Abbaye <lc Saint Denys, Paris, 1700).
During the Revolution it was plundered (Nov. 12, 1793) by a mob led by one of its own priests; and its relics, jewelry, etc., were carried on six carts into the Convention, where they disappeared. Denis is one of the Fourteen Helpers in Need (q.v.). His day is Oct. 9.
Bibliography: The early documents are printed in ASB, Oct., iv. 925-951; also, in part, ed. B. Krusch, MGH, Auct. ant, iv., part 2 (1885), 101-105. Consult: J. E. Darras, S. Denys V Areopagite, Paris, 1863; E. Taillar, Apostolat de S. Deny a dans les Gaules en 260, Amiens, 1868; F. Arbellot, Etudes sur les origines chretiennes de la Gaule, part 1, Paris, 1881; A. Vidieu, S. Denys I'Areopagite, Paris, 1884 (richly illustrated, but not historical).
DENISON, GEORGE ANTHONY: Church of England; b. at Ossington (6 m. n. of Newark), Nottinghamshire, Dec. 11, 1805; d. at East Brent (14 m. w. of Wells), Somerset, Mar. 21, 1896. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1826), and was ordered deacon and ordained priest in 1832. Until 1838 he was curate to the bishop of Oxford, and then resigned his fellowship and became vicar of Broadwinsor, Dorset, and so remained until 1845, when he became vicar of East Brent, and also examining chaplain to the bishop of Bath and Wells, who in 1851 made him archdeacon of Taunton. In theology he was a High-churchman, and from 1854 to 1858 was unsuccessfully prosecuted for maintaining the doctrine of the Real Presence. From 1839 to 1870 he was prominent as a Church champion in the school controversy between the Church of England and the civil power, which resulted in the Elementary Education Act, the final and decisive victory of the civil power. He wrote Proceedings against the Archdeacon of Taunton (London, 1854); Defence of the Archdeacon of Taunton (1856) ; Church Rate a National Trust (1861); Notes of my Life, 1805-78 (1878); and Mr. Gladstone (1885). He also translated Hadrianus Saravia On the Holy Eucharist (1855).
DENK (DENCK), HANS: Anabaptist; b. at Heybach (Habach; 30 m. s.w. of Munich) c. 1495; d. at Basel Nov., 1527. He studied at Ingolstadt, and in 1520 is found at Augsburg among the Humanists. Thence as a Protestant he went to Basel, was proof-reader and befriended by CEcolampadius, who secured for him the rectorship of St. Sebaldus' school in Nuremberg in the autumn of 1523. There he mingled with those who were dissatisfied with the dominant theology, and on the charge of heresy he was expelled from the city Jan. 21, 1525. Thenceforth he was a wanderer. He allied himself with the Anabaptists and his learning made him a valuable acquisition. He was expelled from Augsburg in Oct., and from Strasburg in Dec, 1526, from Worms in Aug., 1527 He is heard from as a leader of the Anabaptists in Augsburg, Nuremberg, and Ulm in 1527; but, weary of continued persecution and his enforced wanderings, he went to Basel in the fall of that year, threw himself upon the protection of OScolampadius, who again befriended him and trieil in vain to convert him to the established Protesta-nt theology. The plague soon after released him from his troubles. By the Anabaptists he was highly honored; and even his detractors conceded his ability, personal high character, and scholarship. His translation of the prophetical