RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Dubbink Duchesne
gan to frequent the meetings of the Reformed congregation in Paris. In the Parliament most of the younger members inclined toward the Reformation; and of the older members some of the most prominent; as the president, Harlay, and Seguier, were in favor of a mild policy against heretics. There was, however, in the Parliament a party of extreme Roman Catholics led by Minard, Le Maistre, and St. Andr£, and a conflict was not slow in arising. In order to arrive at some common policy, the procurator-general, Bourdin, convoked a plenary assembly of all the divisions of the Parliament, in Apr., 1559. When it became evident that the friends of the Reformation were in the majority, Minard, Le Maistre, and Bourdin addressed themselves directly to Henry II. The king appeared personally in the Parliament at the head of an imposing escort, and reproached it for lukewarmness in res pect to the extirpation of heresy. Dubourg replied in a spirit of fearlessness, arguing that , while the heaviest transgressions against the divine law were allowed to go unpunished, the Parliament did wrong to devote its energies to the persecution of believers, who in the midst of the flames called upon the name of Christ. Personally incensed at this speech, which he construed as an allusion to his relations with Diane of Poitiers, Henry ordered the arrest of Dubourg. Legally, a member of the Parliament could be judged only by the Parliament itself. Nevertheless, the king appointed a commission of Dubourg's bitterest opponents to try the case. Dubourg appealed successively to the archbishops of Paris, Sens, and Lyons, but the appeals were not accepted. An appeal to the pope was still possible, but Du!>ourg refused to avail himself of it. The death o Henry II., July 10, 1559, made his situation still mo -e desperate, as, by the accession of Francis II., tie Guises came into power. All exertions of his friends, including Coligny, Conde, and the Elector-Palatine Frederick, who wished him to be released to take a professorship at Heidelberg, were in vain. Dubourg presented to his judges a confession of faith which was a masterly defense of the Reformation. Then for a moment he wavered, and under the influence of certain friends presented a second confession which was ambiguous, and was considered a surrender by his opponents; but he
oon retracted, and, declaring his first confession '"o be the one which he actually believed, brought
lis fate upon himself. The verdict was given Dec.
1, and two days afterward he was strangled and
urned. (Thbodor ScHOTTf.)
iblioqiaphy: La Vraye Histoire contenant I'inique jugement et fausse procedure contre Anne Dubourg, Antwerp, 1561, reprinted in vol. i. of Memoires de Conde, London, 1743; A. de la Roche-Chandieu, Histoire des persecutions et martyrs de Veglise de Paris, 1657-60, Lyons, 1563; Bulletin de V histoire du protestantisme irancais, vols, xxxvi.xxxvii.; Lichtenberger, ESR, iv. 121-123, Paris, 1878.
DUCffiUS. See Fronton du Due.
DU CANGE, du cahzh, CHARLES DU FRESNE,
EUR: French historian and lexicographer; b.
:; Amiens (84 m. n. of Paris) Dec. 18, 1610; d. at
Paris Aug. 16, 1688. He was educated at the Jesuit
college of his native city, and studied law at the
University of Orleans, after which he became
- aasurer of Amiens. His life was devoted, how-
IV.— 2
ever, to the study of the Middle Ages, and his first work was his Histoire de Vempire de Constantinople sous les empereurs frangais (Paris, 1657). In 1668 the plague which raged in Amiens led him to remove to Paris, where he spent the remainder of his life. In considering the importance of the works of Du Cange it must be borne in mind that the Renaissance, with its admiration for Greece and Rome, and the Reformation had little sympathy with any study of the Middle Ages. Medieval Latin and the Romance languages had thus far found no investigator, nor was there any chronology, numismatics, archeology, paleography, or geography of that period. His writings, both printed and unprinted, embrace, on the other hand, not only the general history of medieval Europe, but also the history of France and the Byzantine Empire. His chief works are the Glossarium ad scriptores media et infumoz Latinitatis (3 vols., 1678; enlarged edition in 6 vols., 1733-36; supplement by P. Carpentier, 4 vols., 1766; and by L. Diefenbach, Frankfort, 1857, 1867; abridgment with additions and corrections by J. C. Adelung, 6 vols., Halle, 1772-84; most recent edition of the Glossarium, including the additions of Carpentier, Adelung, and others, by L. Favre, 10 vols., Niort, 1883-87; a convenient abridgment in one vol. by W. H. Maigne d'Arnis, Paris, 1866) and the Glossarium ad scriptores media et infimoe Grwcitatis (2 vols., Lyons, 1688). Both these dictionaries are true encyclopedias, one for Latin Christendom in all its ecclesiastical, political, and social aspects, and the other for the Byzantine Empire, to say nothing of their lexicographical value. In the preface to the Latin Glossarium, moreover, the author gives the history of the decay of the Latin language and sketches the earliest developments of French. The last work of Du Cange, which was not completed until after his death, was his edition of the Chronicon paschale (Paris, 1688). (C. Pfender.)
Bibliography: L. Faugere, Essai sur la vie et les ouvrages de Du Cange, Paris, 1852; H. Hardouin, Essai sur la vie et sur les ouvrages de Du Cange, ib. 1849.
DUCEY, THOMAS JAMES: Roman Catholic; b. at Lismore (111 m. s.s.w. of Dublin), County Cork, Ireland, Feb. 4, 1843. He went to the United States at the age of five, and was graduated at St. Francis Xavier's College, New York City, in 1864, and at the Provincial Seminary, Troy, N. Y., in 1868. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1868, and in 1869 was attached to the staff of the Church of the Nativity, New York City, where he incurred the opposition of the Tweed ring by his denunciations of municipal corruption. In 1872 he was transferred to St. Michael's in the same city, and in the following year began the active organization of societies for Roman Catholic young men. In 1880 he founded St. Leo's Church. He was assistant chaplain in the City Prison for several years, and is active in movements against political evil and in philanthropic enterprises.
DUCHESNE, dii"shen', LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER:
French Roman Catholic; b. at St. Servan (100 m. n. of Nantes) Sept. 13, 1843. He studied in Paris and at Rome from 1873 to 1876, visiting Epirus, Thessaly, Macedonia, and Mt. Athos in 1874, and
Dudith Du Fresne