RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Dulles Dunin
stantiation (1607; Eng. transl., London, 1612); De Vaccomplissement des propheties (1612; Eng. transl., Oxford, 1613); Copie de la lettre ecrite contre Tilenus aux ministres de France (Paris, 1613); De la vocation des pasteurs (Sedan, 1618); Nouveaute du papisme opposee a I'antiquite du vrai christianisme (1627); Abrege des controverses, ou sommaire des erreurs de Veglise romaine (1636); Du juge des controverses (1630). G. Bonet-Maury.
Bibliography: Du Moulin's Autobiographic, ed. C. Read, is given in Bulletin de la societe d'histoire du protestantisme francais, vii. 170 sqq.; J. Aymon, Tous les synodes nationaux des eglises reformees de France, The Hague, 1710; A. Vinet, Histoire de la predication parmi les reformes en France, Paris, 1860; H. M. Baird, The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, vol. i. passim, New York, 1895; P. de Felice, Les Protestants d'autrefois, vol. i. passim, Paris, 1897.
DUNCAN, JOHN: Scotch Presbyterian; b. at Aberdeen 1796; d. at Edinburgh Feb. 26, 1870. He was graduated from the University of Aberdeen in 1814, then studied theology at Edinburgh and was licensed to preach in 1825. In 1836 he was ordained to the charge of Milton Church, Glasgow. In 1841 he was appointed the first missionary of the committee of the Church of Scotland for the conversion of the Jews. After spending two years in Budapest he returned to Scotland to become professor of Hebrew and Oriental languages at New College, Edinburgh. He published an edition of E. Robinson's Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament (Edinburgh, 1838) and a few lectures.
Bibliography: W. Knight, Colloquia Peripatetica by the late John Duncan, Edinburgh, 1879; A. M. Stuart, Recollections of the late John Duncan, ib. 1872; D. Brown, Life of the late John Duncan, ib. 1872; idem, John Duncan in the Pulpit and at the Communion Table, ib. 1874.
DUNGAL: The name of several ecclesiastics of the early Middle Ages. A Celtic bishop Dungal is mentioned by Alcuin, but is scarcely identical with the monk Dungal of St. Denis, who is never termed a bishop. This monk was the author of a number of letters and poems. Of the former the first is dated in 81 1, the next five during the reign of Charlemagne, the seventh after the death of that monarch, and the eighth either in his reign or in that of Louis the Pious. Dungal is named in only two of the poems, but he has been regarded as the chief author of the poems emanating from St. Denis. His writings show him to have been a man of unusual attainments and a scion of a wealthy Scotch-Irish family, although on the Continent he lived in needy circumstances. He apparently left his home about 784 or 787, since the twelfth St. Denis poem was written at the earliest in the former year, and the second in or shortly after the latter date. Charlemagne valued Dungal's learning highly, and requested him to explain the eclipse of the sun in 810 and to criticize the De substantia nihili et tenebris an sint of Fridugis. Dungal was thus naturally an enthusiastic panegyrist of the emperor.
It is uncertain whether this Dungal was the author of the Responsa contra perversas Claudii sententias, written at the request of Lothair in 827. It seems more probable, however, that this work was composed by a third Dungal, whom Lothair mentions in 825 as a teacher of the school of Pa via,
though so little is known regarding this teacher that the question can not be decided. Despite their polemics against Claudius of Turin, the Responsa adhere in the main to the Carolingian theology. A fourth Dungal, of somewhat later date, was the author of another poem from St. Denis, while a fifth, who seems to belong to the eleventh century, presented numerous books to Bobbio. (A. Hauck. )
Bibliography: The Epistolo?, ed. E. Dummler, are in MGH, Epist. so3c. xiii., iv (1892), 568 sqq.; the Carmina, ed. E. Dummler, in MGH, Poetm I^atini osvi Carolini, i (1881), [393 sqq., ii (1884), 664-665; cf. Wattenbach, DGQ, i (1893), 153, and Traube, AMA, philosophische Classe, xix. 332 sqq.
DUNIN, du'nin, MARTIN VON: Archbishop of Posen and Gnesen; b. at Wat, near Rawa (45 m. s.w. of Warsaw), inPoland, Nov. 11, 1774; d. in Posen Dec. 26, 1842. He was the son of a landed gentleman, and studied at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome. After he had fulfilled various positions as a clergyman he became suffragan bishop to Archbishop Theophilus von Wolicki in Posen and succeeded him in the archbishopric in 1831. His significance lies in the controversy between the Roman Church and the Prussian government concerning mixed marriages (see Droste-Vischering). The usage in Posen was lenient until the appearance of the brief of Pius VIII., dated Mar. 25, 1830 (Mirbt, Quellen, pp. 350-353). Dunin wished to enforce this brief in Posen, or to petition the Curia for special directions concerning mixed marriages in his archdiocese. The Prussian government refused both requests. After the allocution of Gregory XVI. on Dec. 10, 1837, relative to Droste- Vischering (q.v.) had become known, on his own responsibility Dunin forbade his clergy, under penalty of suspension, to assist at any mixed marriage, unless the education of the children in the Roman faith had previously been promised. He stood by the position taken in his circulars even against the authority of the royal ministerium. Thereupon a suit was brought against him, although he maintained that the case should not come under the cognizance of the civil court, and the clergy refused to give their testimony. On his side there stood the prince bishop of Ermland, Stanislaus von Hatten, and Bishop Sedlag of Kulm, but not the Prince Bishop Sedlnitzky of Breslau. The sentence of the higher court of appeals in Posen, pronounced in 1839 against the archbishop for exceeding his official power, gave him six months' imprisonment in a fortress and removal from office. For the first punishment the king substituted the requirement that he should stay in Berlin until the controversy was settled. Nevertheless, Dunin left the capital secretly and returned to Posen to resume the functions of his office. On Oct. 8, 1839, he was arrested and brought to the fortress of Kolberg, where he stayed until the king died. Frederick William IV. set him free and even restored him to office after he had modified his obnoxious regulations. The government, however, was not able to secure any recognition of the old milder usage. On the whole, Dunin's actions did not have the same importance as the procedure of Droste-Vischering, although his cathedral chapter, the diocesan clergy,
Bunkers