RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Gad
Galilee
he was taken to Stewart County, Ga., and in the following year to Muscogee County in the same State. He was licensed to preach (1865), was admitted to the South Carolina Conference (1866), and was ordained deacon and elder (1867). He was stationed at Florence Mission, Ga. (1867), Atlanta (1867-69), Macon (1871-73), Columbus (1874-77), again at Macon (1878-80), and Atlanta (1881-88). In 1888 he was elected bishop. He has been a trustee of Wilberforce University, Ohio, vice-president of Payne Theological Seminary, president of the board of trustees of Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, Fla., and the founder of Morris Brown College, Atlanta, of which he is also trustee and treasurer. He is likewise president of the financial board of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and has written African Methodism in the South (Atlanta, 1890).
GALATEO, ga"la-te'6, GIROLAMO. See Italy, the Reformation in, § 3.
GALATLA. See Asia Minor, VII
GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO THE. See Paul the Apostle.
GALBANUM. See Incense, I., § 3.
GALE, THEOPHILUS: English non-conformist; b. at Kingsteignton (12 m. s.s.w. of Exeter), Devonshire, 1628; d. at Newington, London, Feb. or Mar., 1678. He studied at Magdalen Hall, Oxford (B.A., 1649; M.A., 1652), and in 1650 received the fellowship of one of the ejected fellows. After having distinguished himself as a university preacher, he accepted an appointment as preacher in Winchester Cathedral in 1657, but retained his fellowship. At the Restoration he lost his preferments and became a tutor to the children of Lord Wharton. He traveled abroad with his pupils 1662-65, and on the termination of his engagement in 1666, he settled at Newington, London, as assistant pastor to John Rowe, whom he succeeded in 1677 On his death he left his theological library to Harvard College. Gale is known by his Court of the Gentiles (parts i. and ii., Oxford, 1669-71; parts hi. and iv., London, 1677; 2d. ed., London, 1682), which is a learned attempt to trace all European languages back to Hebrew and to prove that all ancient philosophy and theology were derived from the Hebrew Scriptures. Among Gale's other works are: A True Idea of Jansenism (London, 1669); Anatomy of Infidelity (1672); and Idea Theologiee (1673). Bibliography: A. a Wood, Athena; Oxonienses, ii. 451, 750,
778, London, 1692; E. Calamy, Historical Account, pp.
64-65, ib. 1713; S. Palmer, Nonconformist's Memorial,
i. 239, ib. 1802; DNB, xx. 377-378.
GALERIUS: Roman emperor, 293-311. See Diocletian.
GALFRID, gol'frid (GAUFRID, GOTTFRID), OF CLAIR VAUX: Cistercian abbot; d. after 1188. He was born at Auxerre, and was a pupil of Abelard, but obtained Bernard's favor in 1140, and later became his secretary (notarius). In 1159 he was made abbot of the monastery at Igny, in 1162 of Clairvaux, but had to give up this position in 1167. In 1170 he became abbot of Fossanova, near Rome, in 1176 of Hautecombe in Savoy. The most
important part of Galfrid's activity refers to Bernard of Clairvaux, of whose biography he wrote books iii.-v. and the third part of book vi., besides collecting materials. For the proceedings against Gilbert of Poitiers at Reims in 1149 he collected patristic quotations against him and published them afterward (M PL, clxxxv. 595-618). At the request of the order he also wrote a biography of the archbishop Peter of Tarentaise. Commentaries on the Song of Songs, on the Apocalypse, and sermons are still extant in manuscript. Galfrid nowhere develops any new thoughts nor does he betray any deep conception of persons and things, but he shows a certain ability in the way of presentation. His unlimited admiration of Bernard and his hostility to Abelard and Gilbert make it necessary to accept his statements with caution.
S. M. Deutsch.
Bibliography: Mabillon, Introduction to the Vita! Bernardi, in MPL, clxxxv. 221 sqq.; Histoire litteraire de la France, xiv. 430-451; H. Reuter, Alexander III., vol. ii., Leipsic, 1862; G. Hiiffer, Der heilige Bernhard von Clairvaux, i. 27 sqq., Miinster, 1886; E. Vacandard, Vie de St. Bernard, Paris, 1895; KL, v. 932-933.
GALFRID OF VEND&ME: Abbot of the cloister at Vendome from 1093; d. at Angers Mar. 26, 1132. When Pope Urban II. (q.v.) fell into sore straits under the party of the antipope Clement III., Galfrid hastened to Rome and rendered such great service that he was appointed a cardinal-priest, and received still further tokens of the pope's good- will. He enjoyed favorable relations with Paschal II. as well; also with Calixtus II. and Honorius II. In church history at large, Galfrid is a factor of some significance on account of his share in the investiture controversy (see Investiture); he belonged to those of the clergy who stoutly demanded the revocation of the privilege of investiture conferred by Paschal II. on the German king. He was the author of certain minor teleological writings. Carl Mirbt.
Bibliography: Gottfried's Epistolce, libelli and Opuscula were edited by J. Sirmond, Paris, 1610, and are also in MPL, clvii. The libelli, ed. E. Sackur, are in MGH, Libelli de lite, ii (1893), 680-700. Consult: Histoire litteraire de la France, xi. 180; L. Compain, Etude sur Geoffroi de Venddme, Paris, 1891; E. Sackur, in NA, xviii (1893), 666-673; C. Mirbt, Die Publizistik im Zeitalter Gregors VII., Leipsic, 1894.