RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hardwick Harkavy
in 1826, and in 1832 became rector of Hurstmonceaux, where he labored till his death, surrounded by a large circle of friends, and highly esteemed. In 1840 he was appointed archdeacon of Lewes in the diocese of Chichester, and chaplain to the queen.
Archdeacon Hare combined thorough scholarship, original thought, noble character, harmless wit, and manly piety. He was as familiar with Luther, Schleiermacher, Neander, Olshausen, Nitzsch, Tholuck, and other German theologians as with Cranmer, Hooker, Leighton, Pearson, and Tillotson. His love for German scholarship was intensified by his study of Coleridge's works, whom he profoundly esteemed as a Christian philosopher, and by his intimacy with Thomas Arnold of Rugby, and with Bunsen, whom he met in Rome in 1832. This visit to Rome formed an epoch in his life. In philosophy Archdeacon Hare was an independent disciple of Coleridge. In theology he had most sympathy with Dr. Arnold, but excelled him in the extent of his scholarship. He was one of the founders of the Evangelical Broad-church school, which seeks to liberalize the Anglican communion by keeping it in friendly intercourse with Continental thought and learning. He was a sturdy champion of Protestantism against the encroachments of Romanism and Tractarianism, but he never exposed himself to the charge of disloyalty to the Church, nor forgot the personal respect due to his opponents. His strength lay in his combination of theological attainments with purity of character, and in his talent for stimulating others to study and investigation.
Archdeacon Hare first became known as an author through Guesses at Truth by Two Brothers (London, 1827; last ed., much enlarged, 1871; selections, ed. P. E. G. Girdlestone, 1897), written by himself and his elder brother, Augustus William Hare (q.v.). With Bishop Thirlwall he translated Niebuhr's history of Rome (2 vols., 1828-32). His ablest theological work was The Mission of the Comforter, with Notes (1846), which contains five sermons preached at Cambridge in 1840 on the words of Jesus on the office of the Holy Spirit (John xvi. 7-11). More than half of the work consists of learned notes and excursuses. His defense of Luther, originally the tenth note of this work, separately issued in an enlarged form shortly before Hare's death, is the ablest vindication of the Reformer against the attacks of Bossuet, Hallam, Sir William Hamilton, and the Oxford Tractarians. Hare also contributed the text for the English edition of Konig's illustrations of the life of Luther. In 1839 he delivered at Cambridge a series of instructive and inspiring sermons on I John v. 5, published in 1840 as The Victory of Faith (3d ed. by E. H. Plumptre, London, 1874). The sixth sermon contains one of the most eloquent descriptions of the conquering power of faith in the English language (pp. 225 sqq.), but the extreme length of the sermons elicited expressions of disapproval when they were delivered. The Contest with Rome (1851) is one of the most trenchant of the Anglican writings called forth by the controversy with Romanism and Puseyism. A collection of his Charges was published in 1856, a year after his death.
(Philip ScHAFpf.) D. S. Schaff.
Bibliography: A. J. C. Hare, Memorials of a Quiet Life, London, 1872; the essay by F. D. Maurice prefixed to the Charges collected London, 1856, and A. P. Stanley, in Quarterly Review, July, 1855, both prefixed to The Victory of Faith, London, 1874; DNB, xxiv. 369-372; and the Memoir by E. H. Plumptre, prefixed to the later editions of Guesses at Truth, e.g., London, 1871.
HARE, WILLIAM HOB ART: Protestant Episcopal missionary bishop of South Dakota; b. at Princeton, N. J., May 17, 1838. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, but was obliged to leave at the close of his junior year. He then engaged in teaching while pursuing his theological studies, and was ordered deacon in 1859, and ordained priest in 1860. He was assistant at St. Luke's, Philadelphia, in 1859-62, and rector of St. Paul's in the same city in 1862-63. He then returned to St. Luke's for a year, after which he was rector of the Church of the Ascension, Philadelphia, from 1864 to 1870. He was secretary and general agent of the foreign committee of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society (1870-73). He was nominated missionary bishop of Cape Palmas, West Africa, in 1871, by the House of Bishops, but the nomination was withdrawn at the request of the House of Deputies, in view of his valuable services as secretary. In 1873 he was consecrated missionary bishop of Niobrara, which was enlarged in 1883, and renamed the diocese of South Dakota. Theologically he holds to the catholic faith, and also keeps his mind open to the thought of the present day.
Bibliography: W S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 213, New York, 1895.
HARING, JOHANN BAPTISTA : Austrian Roman Catholic; b. at Wettmannstetten, a village of Styria, Aug. 5, 1867- He was educated at the University of Graz, where he took both the theological (D.D., 1896) and the law (LL.D., 1902) courses. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1891, and after a brief term as curate in Leibnitz and Schladming (1891-92), was superintendent of studies in the theological seminary at Graz from 1892 to 1900. In 1900 he was appointed associate professor of canon law in the theological faculty of the University of Graz, and in 1906 was promoted to his present position of full professor of the same subject in that institution. He has written Der Rechtsund Gesetzesbegriff in der katholischen Ethik und modernen Jurisprudenz (Graz, 1899); Die Schadenersatzpflicht des Erben fur Delikte des Erblasses nach kanonischem Rechte (Vienna, 1903); and Grundziige des katholischen Kirchenrechtes, i. (Graz, 1906).
HARKAVY, ALBERT (Abraham Yakovlevich) : Russian Jewish scholar; b. at Novogrudok (80 m. s. of Wilna) Oct. 27, 1839. He was educated at the rabbinical schools of Volozhin (1854-58) and Wilna (1858-63), and at the universities of St. Petersburg (1863-68; doctor of history, 1872), Berlin and Paris (1868-70). Since 1877 he has been librarian of the Semitic department of the Imperial Public Library at St. Petersburg. He has written " On the Language of the Jews " (St. Petersburg, 1865); " Statements of Mohammedan Writers on the Slavs and Russians " (1870); " On the Original Home of the Semites " (1872); " Statements of
Harless
Harmony of the Gospels