RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Herkless Herman of Wied
condemned and burned. It is said that his books were burned with him.
Among the heresies of Herman were the assertions that the world exists from eternity; there are neither good nor bad angels; there is no hell and no personal continuance after this life; Aristotle and his commentator, Averroes, approached truth most closely; Jesus was a fool and miserable dreamer, a seducer of simple men; he spoiled the whole world and saved nobody, and it is lamentable that so many have been murdered for his sake and for the sake of his foolish Gospel; everything he did is in contradiction with human nature and pure reason; he is not the son of almighty God.
(S. D. Van Veen.) Bibliography: Bernhard of Lutzenburg, Catalogus hereticorum, book ii., Cologne, 1529; P. Fredericq, Corpus documentorum inquisitionis . . Neerlandicce, i. 494, 501-503, Ghent, 1889; W. Moll, Kerkgeschiedenis van Nederland, ii. 3, PP. 104-108, 375, 378, Arnheim, 1864-71.
HERMAN OFSCHEDA: Jewish proselyte; b. at Cologne 1108; d. about 1198. He came of a wellto-do Jewish family and received the name Judah. In 1127 he lent Bishop Ekbert of Minister a considerable sum of money, and shortly afterward, incited by his father, went to Munster to collect the same. During a stay of twenty weeks there he heard sermons, and became well disposed toward Christians. On his return to Cologne in 1128 he married, and owing to the opposition of his people to his association with Christians, determined to change his religion and fled to Mainz and Worms. He found refuge in the cloister of Rabengresburg and received Christian baptism at Cologne near the end of 1128. Herman then entered the Premonstratensian cloister of Kappenberg, and shortly before 1150 became abbot of the neighboring cloister of Scheda. He gave an account of his conversion in an autobiography written about 1136. It was first edited by J. B. Carpzov as an appendix to his edition of R. Martini's Pugio fidei (Leipsic, 1687; reprinted in MPL, clxx. 803 sqq.). This text was edited by J. D. von Steinen, on the basis of another manuscript, in Kurze Beschreibung der hochadeligen Gotteshduser Kappenberg und Scheda (Dortmund, 1741). (R. Seeberg.)
Bibliography: R. Seeberg, Hermann von Scheda, ein jildischer Proselyt des 12. Jahrhunderts, Leipsic, 1891; J. M. Schrockh, Christliche Kirchengeschichte, xxv. 384 sqq., 35 parts, Leipsic, 1772-1827; H. F. Eeuter, Geschichte der religiosen Aufklarung im Mittelalter, i. 158 sqq., Sonderhausen, 1875.
HERMAN OF SCHILDESCHE (also called Herman of Westphalia) : Augustinian; b. at Schildesche, near Bielefeld, Westphalia, toward the close of the thirteenth century; d. at Wurzburg July 8, 1357. He entered the order of the Augustinian Eremites and visited the University of Paris about 1320. In 1337 he was provincial of the Augustinian province of Thuringia and Saxony. In 1338, by appointment of the German episcopate, he negotiated with Pope Benedict XII. in the cause of the reconciliation of the curia with Louis the Bavarian. From 1342 he made his residence at Wtirzburg, where he officiated temporarily as vicar-general and first penitentiary of the resident bishop. Of his numerous writings, only
the Speculum manuale sacerdotum, $. brief introduction to the conduct of the spiritual office, is extant in print. Among his theological writings may be mentioned the polemical tract Contra hereticos negantes immunitatem et jurisdictionem ecclesice, which was inspired by John XXII. , about 1330, against the doctrines of Marsilius of Padua; and his controversial tracts Contra flagellatores, and Contra hereticos {Leonistas sive Pauperes de Lugduno) dicentes missm comparationem esse speciem syntonics. Besides philosophical writings, Herman also wrote an Introductorium pro studio sacrorum canonum, which became the basis of a series of similar popular canonical works of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Herman Haupt.
Bibliography: The latest and authoritative description of Herman's life and writings is in E. Seckel, Beitrage zur Geschichte beider Rechte im Mittelalter, i. 129 sqq., Tubingen, 1898. Consult: H. Fincke, in Zeitschrift fur vaterlandische (westfalische) Geschichte, xlv. 1 (1889), 124, xlvi. 1 (1888), 201 sqq., xlvii. 1 (1889), 220 sqq., and in Historisches Jahrbuch, x (1889), 568 sqq.
HERMAN OF WESTPHALIA. See Herman of