RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hoekstra Hoffmann
of the sinner with the same force as Ludwig, but he knows how to depict the condition of the heart with greater psychological skill in its more delicate nuances. Ludwig Hofacker's sermons were exceedingly popular and have been sold in hundreds of thousands of copies (42d ed., Stuttgart, 1892; Ausgewahlte Predigten, ed. F. Bemmann, Leipsic, 1892). Wilhelm's sermons, ed. Kapff, appeared in the 3d ed. at Stuttgart, 1880.
(Robert KuBELf.)
Bibliography: A. Knapp, Ludwig H of ackers Leben, Calw, 1895; there is a sketch of Wilhelm Hofacker's life in Kapff 's edition of his sermons, ut sup. ; Wilhelm H of ackers Leben, by his son Ludwig, appeared Stuttgart, 1872.
HOFFBAUER, CLEMENS MARIA. See Liguori, Alfonso Maria de.
HOFFMAN, EUGENE AUGUSTUS: Protestant Episcopalian; b. in New York City Mar. 21, 1829; d. there June 17, 1902. He was educated at Rutgers College (B.A., 1847), Harvard (1847-48), and the General Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1851. He was missionary at Elizabethport, N. J. (1851-53), rector of Christ Church, Elizabeth, N. J. (1853-63), St. Mary's, Burlington, N. J. (1863-64), Grace, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1864-69), and St. Mark's, Philadelphia (1869-79). In 1879 he was elected dean of the General Theological Seminary, a position which he retained until his death. In this dignity his personal means and his executive ability enabled him to reestablish the seminary on a firm foundation and practically to reorganize it. His rectorates were equally energetic and beneficial, churches being established at Millburn and Woodbridge, N. J., while he was at Christ Church, and the first working men's club in the United States being founded by him at St. Mark's. He was the author of Free Churches (New York, 1856); The Eucharistic Week (1870); and Genealogy of the Hoffman Family (1899).
Bibliography: T. M. Riley, A Memorial Biography of Eugene Augustus Hoffman (2 vols., Jamaica, N. Y., 1904).
HOFFMANN, ANDREAS GOTTLIEB: German Protestant Semitic scholar; b. at Welbsleben, near Magdeburg, Apr. 13, 1796; d. at Jena Mar. 16, 1864. He was educated at the gymnasium of Magdeburg and the University of Halle (Ph.D., 1820), where he became privat-docent in 1822. There he lectured on Oriental languages, especially on Arabic, and received calls to Konigsberg and Jena. He chose the latter and was active there until his death, becoming senior of the theological faculty and of the academic senate. His lectures on Jewish antiquities were most popular, but he also taught church history, Old and New Testament isagogics, exegesis of the Old Testament , and Semitic and Hindu languages, though his main strength lay in Hebrew and Syriac. His Grammatica Syriaca (Halle, 1827; Eng. transl. by B. H. Cowper, The Principles of Syriac Grammar, London, 1858) was based on that of Michaelis. Other important works are Entwurf der hebraischen Alterthiimer (Weimar, 1832); Dos Buch Henoch (2 parts, Jena, 1833-38), translated from the English and Ethiopic; Commentarius philologico - criticus in Mosis benedictionem, Deut. XXXIII. (Halle, 1823). Besides his original works, he edited and translated much, and
wrote numerous articles for periodicals and encyclopedias. (G. FEANKf .) Bibliography: G. Frank, in Protestantische Kirchenzeitung,
1864, no. 13, repeated in part in Allgemeine akademische
Zeitung, 1864, no. 12; ADB, xii. 571.
HOFFMANN, CHRISTOPH. See Friends of the Temple.
HOFFMANN, DANIEL: German Lutheran theologian; b. at Halle 1540; d. at Wolfenbuttel, Brunswick, 1611. About 1558 he studied at Jena. He was called by Duke Julius of Brunswick in 1576 to Helmstedt at the opening of the university as professor of ethics and dialectics, and in 1578 was transferred to the theological faculty. He became the most influential adviser of Duke Julius in the affairs of the churches and the university; he opposed the rise of the Philippists (q.v.) and humanists in Helmstedt, but at the same time assumed a peculiar position toward foreign Lutheran theologians, especially since he rejected the doctrine of ubiquity, and thus helped to separate the Lutheran State Church of the duchy of Brunswick from those Lutherans who accepted the Formula of Concord. In 1589 Duke Julius died, and the new duke, Henry Julius, immediately appointed the humanist J. Caselius and several of his friends as professors, who soon won such an influence that Hoffmann could assert his theological predominance only with great difficulty. He was especially incited against Caselius and his followers in 1597 by a ducal rescript in their favor, forbidding the public teaching of Ramus' philosophy as contradicting the statutes of the university. Adherence to Ramus meant likewise rejection of the study of Aristotle as pagan and dangerous to faith. Hoffmann and his adherents saw in the ducal prohibition of Ramism an attack on Christianity, and Hoffmann answered in a treatise consisting of 101 theses. Several colleagues of Hoffmann, especially Caselius himself, saw in the theses of Hoffmann a criticism of their academic labors. Again and again conferences were arranged to settle the dispute, even the sovereign was appealed to, but all attempts at reconciliation failed because of Hoffmann's violence and obstinacy. The petty university quarrel of Hoffmann is of theoretical and historical importance, because it is on the one side an echo of the medieval conflict between nominalism and realism, and, on the other side, a prelude of the later conflict between rationalism and supranaturalism. Because of the controversy Hoffmann was deposed and expelled from Helmstedt in 1601, but he was rehabilitated in 1603.
(Paul Tschackert.)
Bibliography: Malleus impietatis Hoffmanniance, Frankfort, 1604; G. Thomasius, De controversial Hoffmanniana, Erlangen, 1844; G. Frank, Geschichte der protestantischen Theologie, i. 259, Leipsic, 1862; E. Schlee, Der Streit des Daniel Hoffmann, Marburg, 1862; ADB, xii. 628-629.
HOFFMANN, HEINRICH: German Protestant; b. at Magdeburg Mar. 24, 1821; d. at Halle May 20, 1899. He studied theology at Berlin and Halle. For several years he was prevented by ill health from taking up pastoral work, but in 1852 he accepted a call to Berlin as assistant at the Church of St. Matthew. In 1854 he was called to the Neumarkt parish, Halle, where he labored till his retirement in 1895. He was particularly successful
Hoffmann Hoffmeister