RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hontei' Hook
political offices. To justify and explain his recantation he wrote Justini Febronii Commentarius in suam retractationem, Pio VII., pontifici maximo kalendis novembribus 1778 submissam (Frankfort, 1781). This commentary does not reveal any essential changes of his former views, so that both the elector and the pope were dissatisfied, but neither of them disturbed the author as his influence had been greatly diminished by his humiliation. Hontheim wrote also a Historia Trevirensis (3 vols., Augsburg, 1750); Prodromus historice Trevirensis (2 vols., 1757) ; and various legal dissertations and spiritual and academical addresses.
(J. F. von Schulte.)
Bibliography: O. Mejer, Febronius, Weihbischof Johann Nicolaus von Hontheim und sein Wiederruf, Tubingen, 1885; F. H. Reusch, Index der verbotenen Biicher, ii. 770, 811, 940, Bonn, 1885; KL, vi. 276-281.
HOOD, EDWIN PAXTON: English Congregationalist; b. in London Oct. 24, 1820; d. in Paris June 12, 1885. He received only a meager education, but at the age of twenty began to lecture on peace and temperance, and in 1852 entered the ministry of his denomination. He held pastorates at North Nibley, Gloucestershire (1852-57), Offord Road, Islington (1857-62), Brighton (1862-73), Cavendish Street, Manchester (1873-80), and Falcon Square, London (1880-85). He took an active part in the welfare of the Royal Hospital for Incurables, for which he raised large funds. In addition to editing The Eclectic and Congregational Review, The Preacher's Lantern, and The Argonaut for several years, he wrote many books, among which special mention may be made of The Age and Its Architects : Ten Chapters on the English People in Relation to the Times (London, 1850) ; Self-Education (1851) ; John Milton, Patriot and Poet (1852); Commonsense Arguments (1852) ; Swedenborg : A Biography and an Exposition (1854); An Earnest Ministry: Record of the Life and Writings of B. Parsons (1856) ; Lamps, Pitchers, and Trumpets (1867); The World of Moral and Religious Anecdote (1870); Thomas Binney, his Mind, Life, and Opinions (1874) ; Isaac Watts, his Life and Writings, his Homes and Friends (1875); Thomas Carlyle, Philosophic Thinker, Theologian, Historian, and Poet (1875); Robert Raikes of Gloucester (1880); Vignettes of the Great Revival of the Eighteenth Century (1880); Christmas Evans, the Preacher of Wild Wales (1881); Robert Hall (1881) ; Oliver Cromwell, his Life, Times, Battlefields and Contemporaries (1882) ; The Throne of Eloquence: Great Preachers Ancient and Modern (1885); and the Vocation of the Preacher (1886). Bibliography: G. H. Giddings, E. P. Hood, Poet and
Preacher, London, 1887.
HOOD, JAMES WALKER: African Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. in Kennett Township, Pa., May 30, 1831. He received but a meager education in school, entered the ministry in 1858, and was made a deacon in 1860 and ordained elder in 1862. In 1860 he was sent by the New England Conference to Nova Scotia as a missionary among the negroes in that province, and remained three years. After a brief service in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1863, he was sent as the first negro missionary to the North Carolina freedmen, being stationed within the lines
of the Union Army. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of North Carolina in 1868, and assistant superintendent of public instruction from that year until 1871. In the following year he was elected bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now senior bishop of his denomination. He has written The Negro in the American Pulpit (Raleigh, N. C, 1884); One Hundred Years of the Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (New York, 1895); and The Plan of the Apocalypse (York, Pa., 1900).
HOOGHT, EVERARDUS VAN DER: Dutch Biblical critic and Orientalist; b. after 1650; d. at Nieuwendam (2 m. n.e. of Amsterdam), Holland, in July, 1716. He studied theology at Amsterdam, became minister at Marken, North Holland, in 1669, and pastor of the Reformed Church at Nieuwendam in 1680. During his long ministry here he devoted himself largely to linguistic and Biblical studies. He published several grammatical works, a Greek- Latin lexicon to the New Testament, and edited the Hebrew Bible (Amsterdam, 1705). It is for this last work that he is remembered. His text has been frequently reprinted and widely used.
Bibliography: E. Riehm, Einleitung in das A. T., pp. 471 sqq., Halle, 1890.
HOOGSTRATEN, hog'stra-ten (HOCHSTRATEN), JAKOB VAN: Inquisitor; b. at Hoogstraten (20 m. n.e. of Antwerp), Belgium, 1454; d. at Cologne Jan. 21, 1527. He studied at the universities of Louvain (M.A., 1485) and Cologne (Th.D., 1506), entered the Dominican order in 1485, and in 1507 became prior of the order at Cologne and professor of theology at the university. In 1508 he was made inquisitor of the provinces of Cologne, Mainz, and Treves. He is known for his opposition to Luther, Erasmus, and other humanists, and particularly for the part he took against Johann Reuchlin (q.v.) in a controversy over the Jewish books. In 1513 he summoned Reuchlin to appear before him at Mainz, thus transcending his authority, as Reuchlin was a citizen of another state. In the end he lost his case and had to pay the costs of the proceedings. An appeal to Leo X. was unavailing, as the pope, though in sympathy with Hoogstraten, was unwilling to offend the humanists. This controversy was the occasion of the famous Epistoloz obscurorum virorum (q.v.). Hoogstraten's works appeared at Cologne in 1526.
Bibliography: F. W H. Cremans, De Jacobi Hochstrati vita et scriptis, Bonn, 1869; Meuser, in Zeitschriftfiir Wissenschaft und Kunst, i (1844), 286-295; KL, vi. 1158- 1166; and see Reuchlin, Johann, and the literature there.
HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR: Dean of Chichester; b. in London Mar. 13, 1798; d. at Chichester Oct. 20, 1875. He was educated at Winchester College and at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1821; M.A., 1824; B.D. and D.D., 1837). He took orders in 1821 and spent the next four years as curate to his father at Whippingham, Isle of Wight. In 1825 he was appointed to the perpetual curacy of Moseley, near Birmingham, and in 1827 also to the lectureship of St. Philip's, Birmingham. In 1828 he was appointed vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, where he remained till 1837, when he became vicar of Leeds. In the mean time he had become a royal chaplain,
Hooker Hooper