RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Hooper Hopkins
157 Stuttgart, 1903; P. Wernle, Beginnings of Christianity ' i. 279, 303-313, ii. 297-313, New York, 1903-04; DCG. i. 747-748.
HOPITAL, MICHEL DE V, See L'Hopital.
HOPKINS, ALBERT: American Congregationalist, brother of Mark Hopkins (q.v.); b. at Stockbridge, Mass., July 14, 1807; d. at Williamstown, Mass., May 24, 1872. He was graduated from Williams in 1826, was elected a tutor there in 1827, and professor of mathematics and natural science in 1829, and retained his professorship till his death. In 1838 he was licensed to preach, and for many years thereafter he was stated supply to churches in and around Williamstown. He was a corresponding fellow of the Royal Society, London, and contributed to its transactions. He is known chiefly as an astronomer. By his discoveries in this field he aided in establishing a high reputation for American scientists.
Bibliography: A. C. Sewall, Life of Prof. Albert Hopkins, New York, 1879.
HOPKINS, MARK: Congregation alist; b. at Stockbridge, Mass., Feb. 4, 1802; d. at Williamstown, Mass., June 17, 1887. He was educated at Williams College (B.A., 1824), where he was a tutor in 1825-27; he then studied medicine and was graduated from the Berkshire Medical School in 1829. He engaged in practise in New York City, but in 1830 accepted the professorship of moral philosophy and rhetoric in Williams College, a position which he held six years (1830-36). In 1836 he was chosen president of the same college, and for thirty-six years (1836-72) he exercised the duties of that office. In 1872 he resigned the presidency, and from that year until his death was professor of intellectual and moral philosophy. He was also pastor of the college church from 1836 to 1883, and in 1857 was elected president of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. His fame as teacher, preacher, and philosopher was almost world-wide. President Garfield's remark expresses his significance: "A log cabin in Ohio, with a wooden bench in it, Mark Hopkins on one end and I on the other, would be college enough for me." He wrote Evidences of Christianity (Boston, 1846) ; Miscellaneous Essays and Discourses (1847); Lectures on Moral Science (1862); Baccalaureate Sermons and Occasional Discourses (1863); The Law of Love, and Love as a Law (a friendly controversy with President James McCosh; New York, 1869); An Outline Study of Man (1873); Strength and Beauty (1874); and The Scriptural Idea of Man (1883).
HOPKINS, SAMUEL: New England theologian; b. in Waterbury, Conn., Sept. 17, 1721; d. in Newport, R. I., Dec. 20, 1803. He was Ministry graduated at Yale in 1741, and the at Great same year began his theological studies, Barrington. under the care and in the family of President Edwards, then of Northampton, Mass. He was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church in Great Barrington, Mass., Dec. 28, 1743. The church then had only five members, but 116 joined it during his pastorate. After a ministry of twenty-five years,
he was dismissed Jan. 18, 1769. His ministry was sometimes interrupted by the French and Indian wars, which compelled him to flee with his family to other towns for safety. He preached often to the Housatonic Indians in his neighborhood. He remained intimate with President Edwards, and was better acquainted than any other man with the peculiar views of Edwards. He also held frequent and fraternal intercourse with Joseph Bellamy (q.v.), of Bethlehem, Conn.
Hopkins was installed pastor of the First Congregational Church in Newport, R. I., Apr. 11, 1770, and continued in this pastorate thirty- Ministry three years. As the French and Indian at wars had interfered with his parochial
Newport, success in Great Barrington, so the Opposition Revolutionary War interfered with it to Slavery, in Newport. The town was captured by the British in 1776, and remained in their possession more than three years. During these years the church of Dr. Hopkins was impoverished, the church edifice was nearly ruined, and he himself was compelled to seek refuge in other towns. On returning to Newport in 1780 he resumed a work which had already exposed him to severe persecution. Newport had been a principal slave-mart of North America. As early as 1770 Hopkins began to preach against the slave system. He afterward published numerous essays against it in the newspapers of Newport, Providence, Boston, and Hartford. From 1780 onward he wrote elaborate letters on the subject to men of wealth and influence in this country, and to John Erskine, Granville Sharp, Zachary Macaulay, and other opponents of slavery in Great Britain. As early as 1773 he united with his friend Ezra Stiles, of Newport, in issuing a circular plea for aid in educating two colored men for an African mission. In 1776 he united with Dr. Stiles in a second circular for the same object. Some time after 1780 he formed a more comprehensive plan for colonizing American slaves, which was followed by visible results. Two liberated negroes, who in their youth had been affected by his colonizing scheme, retained for about forty years their desire to go as colonists and missionaries to their native land; and in Jan., 1826, they sailed from Boston to Liberia with sixteen other Africans, all formed into a church, of which these two aged men were deacons.
Dr. Hopkins was a very unattractive speaker, but was more successful as a writer. By his love of investigation, his patient and unre- Character mitting thought, the independence, and strength, and comprehensiveness of Writings, his mind, by his honesty, humility, and benevolence, his deferential study of the Bible, and his habit of communion with God, he was eminently fitted to be a theologian. His system was essentially Calvinistic, but was distinguished as " Hopkinsianism " (q.v.). He edited several of President Edwards' most important works, and published independently The Wisdom of God in the Permission of Sin (Boston, 1759); An Inquiry concerning the Promises of the Gospel (1765); An Inquiry into the Nature of True Holiness (Newport, 1773); A System of Doctrines contained in
Hopkinsianism Horn