THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
arrived at. After repeated negotiations between Basel and Bohemia, a Bohemian-Moravian state
assembly in Prague accepted the Com-
6. The pactata of Prague on Nov. 30, 1433.
Council of Communion in both kinds was granted
Basel and to all who desired it, but with the
Compactata understanding that Christ was en-
of Prague, tirely present in each kind. Free
preaching was granted conditionally; priests must be approved and sent by their superiors, and the power of the bishop must be considered. The article which prohibits the secular power of the clergy was almost reversed. The Taborites refused to conform, and the Calixtines united with the Roman Catholics and destroyed the Taborites in a battle near Lipan (May 30, 1434). From that time the Taborites lose their importance. The Compactata were confirmed at the state assembly of Iglau in 1436 and received the sanction of law. Thus the reconciliation of Bohemia with Rome and the Western Church was accomplished, and now Sigismund first obtained possession of the Bohemian crown. His reactionary measures caused a ferment in the whole country, but he died in 1437. Wyclif's doctrine of the Lord's Supper, which was obnoxious to the Utraquists, was rejected as heresy at the state assembly in Prague in 1444. Most of the Taborites now went over to the party of the Utraquists; the rest joined the " Brothers of the Law of Christ " (see Unity of the Brethren; also Bohemian Brethren).
The Utraquists had retained hardly anything of the doctrines of Huss except communion in both
kinds. In 1462 Pius II. declared the
7. Final Compactata null and void, prohibited
Disappear- communion in both kinds, and ac-
ance of the knowledged George of Podiebrad as
Hussites, king under the condition that he would
promise an unconditional harmony with the Roman Church. This he refused, but his successor, King Vladislaus II., favored the Roman Catholics and proceeded against some zealous clergymen of the Calixtines. The troubles of the Utraquists increased from year to year. In 1485, at the diet of Kuttenberg, an agreement between the Roman Catholics and Utraquists was obtained which lasted for thirty-one years. But it was considerably later, at the diet of 1512, that the equal rights of both religions were permanently established. Luther's appearance was hailed by the Utraquist clergy, and Luther himself was astonished to find so many points of agreement between the doctrines of Huss and his own. But not all Utraquists approved of the German Reformation; a schism arose among them, and many returned to the Roman doctrine, while the better elements had long before joined the Unitas Fratrum. Under Maximilian II., the Bohemian state assembly established the Confessio Bohemica, upon which Lutherans, Reformed, and Bohemian Brethren agreed. From that time Hussism began to die out; but it was completely eradicated only after the battle at the White Mountain (Nov. 8, 1620) and the Roman Catholic reaction which fundamentally changed the ecclesiastical conditions of Bohemia and Moravia.
(J. Loserth.)
Bibliography: An edition of the works which shall distinguish between the works of Huss and those of Wyclif which he used and translated has long been a desideratum; of an ed. of the works of Huss by J. R. Vilimek Opera omnia, the following have appeared: Expositio decalogi, ed., W Flajshans, Prague, 1903; De corpore Christi, ib. 1904; De sanguine Christi, ib. 1904; Super IV- Sententiarum, ed. W Flajshans and W. Kominkova, ib. 1905; Sermones de Sanctis, ib. 1907-08; the works in Bohemian were published by K. J. Ermen, Prague, 1865- 1868; other sources are K. Hofler, Geschichtsschreiber der husitischen Bewegung in Bohmen, in Fontes rerum Austriacarum, 3 vols., Vienna, 1856—66; Historia et monumenta J. Hus atque Hieronymi Pragensis, 2 vols., Nuremberg, 1715; the most available and so far the best source is Documenta Magistri Johannis Hus, ed. F. Palacky, Prague, 1869 (contains essays on the life and teachings of Huss); a volume of Letters attributed to John Huss has been edited with introduction and notes by H. B. Workman and R. M. Pope, London, 1904 (the one Eng. transl. direct from the originals).
On the life and teachings and contemporary history consult: J. Dobneck (Cochlaeus), Hist. Hussitarum, Mainz, 1549; F. Palacky, Geschichte von Bohmen, 5 vols., Prague, 1836-67; idem, Beitrage zur Geschichte des Hussitenkrieges, 2 vols., ib. 1873-74; F. P. E. Boisnormand de Bonnechose, Les Reformateurs avant le reforme, Paris, 1845, Eng. transl., New York, 1844; J. A. von Helfert, Hus und Hieronymus, Prague, 1853; G. L. Herman, John Huss, Dublin, 1854; A. Jeep, Gerson, Wiclefus und Hus, Gottingen, 1857; C. Becker, Die beiden bohmischen Reformatoren und Martyrer, Nordlingen, 1858; J. Friedrich, Die Lehre des Johann Hus, Regensburg, 1862; E. L. T. Henke, Johann Hus und die Synode von Constanz, Berlin, 1866; E. H. Gillett, Life and Times of John Huss, 2 vols., New York, 1870; L. Krumml, Johannes Hus, Heidelberg, 1870; W. Berger, Johannes Hus, und Konig Sigmund, Augsburg, 1871 (a careful study); F. von Bezold, Konig Sigismund und die Reichskriege gegen die Husiten, 3 vols., Munich, 1872-75; idem, Zur Geschichte des Husitenthums ib. 1874; E. Denis, Huss et la guerre des Hussites, Paris, 1878 (reproduces Palacky's studies); A. H. Wratislaw, John Hus, London, 1882; G. V. Lechler, Johannes Hus, Halle, 1889; idem, John Wiclif and his English Precursors, London, 1884; J. Loserth, Hus und Wiclif, Prague, 1884, Eng. transl., London, 1884; D. Nasmith, Makers of Modern Thought, vol. i., New York, 1892; K. Muller, Konig Sigismund's Geleit fur Hus, 1898; H. B. Workman, The Dawn of the Reformation, vol. ii., The Age of Hus, London, 1902; Neander, Christian Church, vol. v. passim; Milman, Latin Christianity, vii. 433-506; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, vol. viii. passim; Pastor, Popes, i. 161-163; Creighton, Papacy, vols, i.-ii (contain much valuable matter). Ausgewahlte Predigten of John Huss were published by W. von Langsdorff, Leipsic, 1894. Consult the literature under Basel, Council or; Constance, Council or.
HUT (HUTT), HANS: A eader of the Anabaptists; b. at Hain, near Grimmenthal, in Franconia; d. at Augsburg Sept., 1527. As an itinerant book pedler he traveled over a large part of Germany and Austria and imbibed radical ideas. At Weissenfels, probably in 1524, he came into contact with the Anabaptists. His tentative adhesion to their ideas and his promulgation of the writings of Miinzer led to his expulsion from Bibra. He joined in the peasant uprising, was with Miinzer during the battle of Frankenhausen where the peasant bands were overwhelmed. At Pentecost, 1525, he appeared at Bibra, and summoned the peasants to rise against the authorities. Expelled once more, he resumed his wandering life, and in the summer of 1526 was finally won over by Denk to the tenets of the Anabaptists. He now entered upon a tremendously active apostolate. A man of simple and fiery eloquence, and of passionate convictions, he wandered through South Germany and Austria preaching, baptizing, and appointing apostles to carry on the