THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
appointed professor of the English Bible and pastoral theology <n Union Theological Seminary, Richmond. In the following year (1892) he was appointed to his present position of professor of ecclesiastical history and polity in the same institution. Besides editing the collected writings of Rev. Prof. T. E. Peck (Richmond, Va., 1885-87), he has written: The Life and Letters of Robert Lewis Dabney (Richmond, 1893); History of the Southern Presbyterian Church (New York, 1894); John Calvin and the Genevan Reformation (Richmond, 1900); Life and Letters of Benjamin Morgan Palmer (1906); and Virginia Presbyterianism and Religious Liberty in Colonial and Revolutionary Times (1907).
JOHNSON, WILLIAM ALLEN: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Hyde Park, N. Y., Aug. 4, 1833. He was educated at Columbia (A.B., 1853) and at the General Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1857 He was ordered deacon in 1857 and ordained priest in 1858. He was minister and rector of St. Peter's, Bainbridge, N. Y., and of Christ Church, Guilford, N. Y., from 1857 to 1862, after which he was a missionary in upper Michigan for two years (1862-64). From 1864 to 1870 he was rector of St. Mary's, Burlington, N. J., and from 1871 to 1883 of St. John's, Salisbury, Conn. From the latter year until his retirement as professor emeritus in 1900 he was connected with the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., where he wTas successively professor of homiletics and Christian evidences from 1883 to 1886 and of ecclesiastical history from 1887 to 1900.
JOHNSTON, HOWARD AGNEW: Presbyterian; b. near Xenia, O., June 29, 1860. He was educated at the University of Cincinnati (B.A., 1882) and Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, from which he was graduated in 1885. He was pastor successively of the Seventh Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, in 18S4-90, Central Church, Des Moines, la., in 1890-93; Forty-First Street Presbyterian Church, Chicago, in 1893-99; and Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City, in 1899-1905. In the latter year he resigned to be for a couple of years special representative of his denomination to its Asiatic missions, and in 1908 became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Colorado Springs, Col. He has written Moses and the Pentateuch (Cincinnati, 1893); Studies in God's Methods of Training Workers (New York, 1900); Bible Criticism and the Average Man (Chicago, 1902); Studies for Personal Workers (New York, 1903); Scientific Faith (Chicago, 1904); The Beatitudes of Christ (1905); Brief Studies through the Bible (New York, 1905); and Famine and the Bread (1908).
JOHNSTON, JAMES STEPTOE: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Western Texas; b. at Church Hill, Miss., June 9, IS 13. He was educated at Oakland College, Miss., and the University of Virginia, but left in 1861, before graduation, to enter the Confederate Army. He served throughout the Civil War, first as a private in the Eleventh Mississippi Regiment, and later as a second lieutenant in Stuart's cavalry. After the end of the war, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1868.
He soon turned, however, from the law to the Church, and, after pursuing his theological studies privately, was ordered deacon in 1869 and priested two years later. He was successively minister and curate at St. James', Port Gibson, Miss., in 1870- 1876, and rector of the Church of the Ascension Mount Sterling, Ky., in 1866-80, and of Trinity! Mobile, Ala., in 1880-88. In the latter year he was consecrated missionary bishop of Western Texas. Within his diocese he lias enlarged St. Mary's Hall a girls' college, and has founded the West Texas Military Academy, both at San Antonio.
JOKTAN, jek'tan: According to Gen. x. 25 sqq. a son of Eber, the grandson of Shem, brother of Peleg, and father of thirteen sons (twelve according to the LXX). According to this chapter the Semitic stock divided into two branches, a northern and a southern, long before the migrations of the Abrahamic family; and the names of the thirteen sons of Joktan point to southern Arabia, while Genesis is right in distinguishing between the Joktan peoples and the later Ishmaelites. The Arabic ethnographers make the same distinction between the sons of Kahtan (pure Arabs) and Ishmaelites. The location of the Joktan peoples as given in Gen. x. 30 is disputed. Mesha is placed by Delitzsch on the northwestern corner of the Persian Gulf, and by Knobel about fifty miles southeast of Mecca. In the first case Sephar is placed in the Himyaritic Zaphar in Yemen and the " mountain of the east " is the range in the east of Hadramaut. In the other case, Joktan's possessions were a triangle in southwest Arabia. But neither situation furnishes good locations for Ophir (q.v.) and Havilah (verse 29). See Table of the Nations.
(E. Kautzsch.)
Bibliography: The commentaries on Genesis and the
literature under Table of Nations; E. C. A. Riehm,
Handworterbuch des biblischen Altertums, pp. 763-764,
Leipsic, 1893; DB, ii. 743-744; EB, ii. 2564; JE, vii. 225.
JONAH: Fifth of the Minor Prophets in the arrangement of the English version. He is called the son of Amittai, and, according to II Kings xiv. 25, uttered a prophecy concerning Jeroboam II. The book is distinguished from other prophetical books by the fact that it is not the prophecy, but the personal experiences of the man, in which the interest seems to center. To escape the divine summons to preach repentance to Nineveh, Jonah embarked from Joppa for Tarshish, but during a storm was, at his own advice and by the issue of a lot, thrown overboard, and swallowed by a great fish (i. 17). Three days afterward he was thrown up upon the land, and, after a second summons, began preaching to the Ninevites. When both king and people began to repent, Jonah became indignant at the divine compassion, but was convinced by God of his foolishness through a gourd (iv.). Many have regarded the book as an allegory or a poetic myth, while cithers hold that it was a national prophetic tradition designed to serve a didactic aim, and contained some elements of historic truth. Those who regard the book as history appeal to the geographical and historical notices in the prophecy; for example, the accuracy of the description of Nineveh and the fitness of Jonah's mission at that