RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Karaites Kautz
common people by writing in Romaic, since they were no longer familiar with classic Greek. His chief work was his " Flower," written during his imprisonment and first published at Venice in 1536. It enjoyed immense popularity, but the admixture of apocryphal elements roused the hostility of the Orthodox Greek party. His heresies were successfully assailed and the movement which he had inaugurated was stopped. The ethical treatises of Kartanos were incorporated in the Thesaurus of Damascenus the Studite and thus gained a certain degree of currency in the Greek Church. (Philipp Mbyee.)
Bibliography: E. Legrand, Bibliographie Hellenique, i. 226, Paris, 1885; P. Meyer, in TSK, 1898, pp. 315 sqq.; idem, Die theologische Litteratur der griechischen Kirche im 16. Jahrhunderte, pp. 120 sqq., Leipsie, 1899.
KASSHITES. See Babylonia, VI., 5.
KASSIA (KASIA): Byzantine poetess of the ninth century. Krumbacher (ut inf.) suggests that the form " Icasia " (Gibbon, Decline and Fall, v. 199) is possibly a corruption of tj Kaaia. She lived at Constantinople under the Emperors Theophilus (829-842) and Michael III. (842-867) in a cloister of her own founding. Both ecclesiastical and secular poems are extant under her name; but, excepting .such as were adopted in liturgical books, they occur rarely in manuscript. Her three best known sacred hymns are the " Idiomela " on the birth of Christ, the birth of John the Baptist, and on Ash Wednesday. The last-named is identical with the song Eis ten pornen. W. Christ and N. Paranikas edited the three songs in their Anthologia Grmca (pp. 10-104, Leipsie, 1871). Four short poems were published by Papadopulos-Kerameus (Byzantinische Zeitschrift, x. 60-61, 1901), and an acrostic dirge and some epigrams were issued by Krumbacher (ut inf.). G. Kruger.
Bibliography: K. Krumbacher, Kasia, Munich, 1897; idem, Geschichte, pp. 715-716; P. Maas, in Byzantinische Zeitschrift, x (1901), 54-59; S. Petrides, in Revue de Vorient chretien, vii (1902), 218-244.
KATERKAMP, ka'ter-kamp, JOHANN THEO- DOR HERMANN: German Roman Catholic; b. at Ochtrup (25 m. n.w. of Munster), Westphalia, Jan. 17, 1764; d. at Minister June 9, 1834. He studied in Miinster, was ordained priest in 1787, and for ten years was tutor to the sons of Baron Droste-Vischering, spending a part of this time traveling with his wards in Switzerland and Italy. From 1797 till 1806 he resided in the home of Princess Amalie Galitzin. In 1809 he became professor of church history at Miinster, and in 1831 was appointed dean of the cathedral at Miinster. His prin«ipal work is his church history to the year 1153 (6 vols., Munster, 1819-34). He also published Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem Leben der Fiirstin Amalia von Gallitzin (1828).
Bibliography: Trauerrede, by H. Brockmann, Munster, 1834; E. Rassmann, Nachrichten von dem Leben und den Schriften Munsterlandischer Schriftsteller, ib. 1866; KL, vii. 333-335.
KATTENBUSCH, kat'ten-bush, FRIEDRICH WILHELM FERDINAND: German Lutheran; b. at Kettwig (7 m. s.s.w. of Essen) Oct. 3, 1851. He studied in Bonn, Berlin, Halle (1869-73), and
Gottingen (lie. theol., 1875); became privat-docent in Gottingen, 1876; professor of systematic theology at Giessen 1878, at Gottingen 1904, and at Halle 1906. He was created a privy ecclesiastical councilor in 1897 and since 1903 has been a member of the Norwegian Videnskabsselskabet. In theology he is a follower of Albrecht Ritschl, and has written among other works: Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Confessionskunde, i. (Freiburg, 1892); Das apostolische Symbol, seine Entstehung, sein geschichtlichcr Sinn und seine ursprungliche Stellung im Kultus und in der Theologie der Kirche (2 vols., Leipsie, 1894-1900); and Das sittliche Recht des Krieges (Giessen, 1906).
KAULEN, kau'len, FRANZ PHILIPP: German Roman Catholic; b. at Diisseldorf Mar. 20, 1827; d. at Bonn July 11, 1907. He studied in Bonn (1846-49) and at the theological seminary in Cologne (1849), and was chaplain at Duisburg (1850-52) and Dottendorf (1852-53), rector and prison chaplain at Ptitzchen, near Bonn (1853-59), lecturer in the theological seminary at Bonn (1859-63), and privatdocent in the University of Bonn (1863-80). In 1880 he became associate professor of Old-Testament exegesis in Bonn, and full professor in 1882. After 1892 he was a domestic prelate to the pope. He edited the fifth to the eighth editions of C. H. Vosen's Rudimenta linguae hebraicae (Freiburg, 1872- 1899) ; the twelfth to the eighteenth editions of the same author's Kurze Einleitung zum Erlernen der hebraischen Sprache (1874-1900); the second edition of the KL (12 vols., 1882-1903); and the second and third editions of K. Martin's translation of the "Antiquities" of Josephus (Cologne, 1883-92). As independent works he wrote : Liber Jonae prophetae (Mainz, 1862); Legende von dem seligen Hermann Joseph (1862); Geschichte der Vulgata (1869); Handbuch zur Vulgata (1870); Einleitung in die heilige Schrift Alten und Neuen Testaments (2 parts, 1876- 1881); Assyrien und Babylonien nach den neuesten Entdeckungen (Cologne, 1877); Kurze Einleitung in die heilige Schrift des Alten und des Neuen Testaments (Freiburg, 1897); and Der biblische Schopfungsbericht erkldrt (1902).
KAUTZ, kauts (CUCIUS), JAKOB: Anabaptist; b. at Grossbockenheim (8 m. s.w. of Worms), Bavaria, c. 1500; d. after 1532. In 1524 he was preacher in Worms, where the reformatory movement took on a radical character, and Anabaptism found a favorable soil. The resentment of the citizens, caused by their long and violent struggles with the bishop, found expression at the beginning of the Reformation in violent attacks upon the Church and the clergy. The same tendencies showed themselves in the participation of the city in the Peasants' War. By the intervention of Count Palatine Ludwig, the bishop and the clergy were reinstated in their rights, but Evangelical preaching was continued. Among the Evangelicals there was a conservative and a radical party. Ulrich Preu and Johann Freiherr, two of the preachers, were in connection with Wittenberg while Kautz and Hilarius represented a more radical tendency, especially after the appearance of the two leading Anabaptists, Denk and Hatzer, in
Kautz Keane