RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Kautz Keane
1853 He studied at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1804; M.A., 1807; B.D., 1814; D.D., 1815), where he became fellow in 1804. He was tutor of Christ's College, 1808-14, master 1814-30, vicechancellor of the university 1815, and regius professor of divinity after 1816. In this capacity it was his peculiar service to recall theological students to the study of the Fathers. He was consecrated bishop of Bristol in 1820, and translated to Lincoln in 1827. His episcopal administration was marked by aggressiveness and efficiency. He increased the number of resident clergy in the diocese of Lincoln, revived the office of rural dean, and was the first bishop to require candidates for orders to pass the theological examination of the University of Cambridge which up to that time had been voluntary. His principal works are: The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries, Illustrated from the Writings of Tertullian (Cambridge, 1825) ; The Writings and Opinions of Justin Martyr ( 1829) ; The Writings and Opinions of Clement of Alexandria (London, 1835) ; The Council of Niccea, in Connexion with the Life of Athanasius (1853) ; The External Government and Discipline of the Church of Christ during the First Three Centuries (1855). All of these, with his sermons, charges, and miscellaneous writings, were collected in his Works (8 vols., London, 1888).
Bibliography: A Memoir is prefixed to the Works, ut sup. Consult DNB, xxix. 252-253.
KAYSER, kai'zer, AUGUST: German Protestant theologian; b. at Strasburg Feb. 14, 1821; d. there June 17, 1885. He was educated at the university of his native city, and was appointed assistant librarian in 1840. From 1843 to 1855 he acted as private tutor at Havre and Gebweiler. In 1858 he was appointed pastor at Stossweier, Upper Alsace, whence he went to Neuhof, near Strasburg, in 1868, and nine years later became associate professor of theology at the University of Strasburg. Influenced by his teacher, Eduard Reuss, Kayser was especially attracted to the study of the Old Testament, althougn his first scientific investigations dealt with the literature and theology of the first centuries of the Christian era. The results of these investigations were embodied in La philosophic de Celse et ses rapports avec le Christianisme (Strasburg, 1843), De Justini Martyris doctrina dissertatio historica (1850), and Die Testamente der zwblf Patriarchen (in Reuss and Cunitz, Beitrdge zu den theologischen Wissenschaften, iii., 1851).
By comparing the commandments with the historical traditions of the Pentateuch Kayser had early come to the conviction that the Elohistic code could not possibly antedate the restoration of the Jewish commonwealth under Persian rule. He had just prepared a work on this question when C. H. Graf's Die geschichtlichen Biicher des Alten Testaments (Leipsic, 1866) appeared, voicing the same view. Kayser therefore refrained from publishing his own book, and devoted himself to the problem from the point of view of literary history. The results of his studies appeared under the title Das vorexilische Buch der Urgeschichte Israels und seine Erweiterungen (Strasburg, 1874). He wrote the posthumous Die Theologie des Alten Testaments
in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwickelung dargestellt (Strasburg, 1886). (A. ErichsonI.)
KEACH, BENJAMIN: Particular or Calvinistic Baptist; b. at Stoke Hammond (11 m. n.e. of Aylesbury), Buckinghamshire, Feb. 29, 1640; d. at Southwark, London, July 18, 1704. He entered the Baptist ministry as a self-taught man in 1659, and suffered during his career frequent persecutions. On Oct. 8, 1664, he was tried at Aylesbury before Sir Robert Hyde, for having taken " certain damnable positions " regarding the second advent in a catechism he had published. He was sentenced to a fine of twenty pounds and two weeks' imprisonment, with the pillory on separate days at Aylesbury and Winslow. This sentence was rigorously executed, and Keach's little book was burned by the public hangman. In 1668 he removed to London and became pastor of the Baptist church in Tooley Street, Southwark. On the indulgence of 1672 his congregation erected a large wooden structure at Horsleydown. Keach was an advocate of congregational singing, and his church is said to have been the first Baptist church to introduce that practise (1688). He attained considerable fame as a preacher and defender of Baptist doctrines. His most important works are: Tropologia: a Key to open Scripture Metaphors (London, 1682; new ed., 1855); and Gospel Mysteries Unveiled (4 parts, 1701; new ed., 1856). Other works still remembered are, Travels of True Godliness (1683; new ed., 1849); The Progress of Sin: or the Travels of Ungodliness (1684; new ed., 1849); and A Golden Mine Opened (1694). Bibliography: DNB, xxx. 254-255, where may be found
references to scattered notices; a Memoir, by H. Malcom,
was prefixed to his Travels of True Godliness, New York,
1831.
KEANE, JOHN JOSEPH: Roman Catholic archbishop of Dubuque, la.; b. at Ballyshannon (22 m. n.e. of Sligo), County Donegal, Ireland, Sept. 12, 1839. At the age of seven he was taken by his parents to the United States, and after engaging in business for some years, studied at St. Charles' College, Ellicott City, Md. (1859-62), and St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Baltimore (1862-65). He was ordained to the priesthood in 1866, and from that year until 1878 was curate of St. Patrick's, Washington, D.C. In 1878 he was consecrated bishop of Richmond, Va., whence he was translated, in 1888, to the titular see of Ajasso, that he might devote himself to the upbuilding of the Catholic University of America, Washington, D. C, of which he had been appointed rector two years previously, when he had resigned his diocese at the request of the American hierarchy and of the pope. He remained at the head of the Catholic University until 1897, when he was elevated to the titular archdiocese of Damascus. On his return from a visit to Rome he was translated to his present archdiocese of Dubuque. During his curacy at Washington he helped to organize the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America and the Catholic Young Men's National Union, while during his episcopate at Richmond he established in his diocese the Confraternity of the Holy Ghost, besides taking part in the Third Plenary Council, held at Baltimore in
Keator Keim