THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Spain c. 1100; d. probably in Narbonne c. 1175; migrated from Spain to Narbonne. In his grammatical studies he was influenced by Judah ben Hayyuj, Abul-Walid, and Abraham ibn Esra. His grammar, Sepher zikkaron, " Book of remembrance " (cf. Mai. iii. 16), gives for the first time the division of the Hebrew vowels into five long ones and five short ones. The Sepher haggalui, " Book of Open Evidence" (cf. Jer. xxxii. 14) is a criticism of the dictionary of Menahem ben Saruk and its defense by Jacob ben Meir. Joseph wrote also commentaries on Proverbs, Job and the Song of Songs. Codex de Rossi 166 contains excerpts from an exposition of the Pentateuch, and marginal notes in the Codex de Rossi 1070 give comments on the prophets. A commentary on the whole Bible belonged, according to the catalogue Collectio Davidis, p. 525, to the library of Oppenheimer. According to Zunz {Litteraturgeschichte der synagogalen Poesie, p. 460, Berlin, 1865), Joseph wrote also six liturgical poems. From the Arabic he translated the Mibhhar happeninim of Solomon ibn Gabirol and a large part of the "Duties of the Heart" of Bachja ibn Pakuda. Of his Sepher habberith, " Book of the Covenant " (cf. Ex. xxiv. 7), a conversation between a believing Jew and an infidel, only the beginning has been preserved.
2. Moses Kimchi, the older son of Joseph, d. about 1190, has become generally known by his Mahalakh shebile hadda'ath, " Guide to the Paths of Science," a concise epitome of Hebrew grammar. His grammatical work Sepher Tahbosheth quoted by David Kimchi seems to have been lost. Zunz (ut sup., p. 462) enumerates four liturgical poems by Moses. His exposition of Proverbs was completed 117S, that of Job 1184.
3. David Kimchi, usually called Redak, the younger son of Joseph, was born at Narbonne c. 1160; d. there 1235. He often calls his father and his brother his teachers. As a grammarian and exegete David distinguishes himself by his diligent compilation of facts, sober judgment and clear expression. By making an exhaustive use of Abul- Walid, he enjoyed great authority among both Christians and Jews, although he possessed little originality. Reuchlin and Sebastian Miinster made large use of his works. These have been very frequently printed, many of his commentaries with Latin translations. E. Konig's Lehrgebdude der hebrdischen Sprache (Leipsic, 1881 sqq.) was compiled " in constant dependence upon Qimchi," and even now scholars may receive many a suggestion from Kimchi's works. (H. L. Strack.) Bibliography: In general: G. B. de Rossi, Historisches
Worterbuch der jiidischen Schriftsteller, pp. 164-171, Bautzen, 1839; Ersoh and Gruber, Encyclopadie, II. xxxvi. 54-57; J. Winter and A. Wunsche, Die judische Litteratur, ii. 191-205, 306-314, Treves, 1894; JE, vii. 494-497
On 1: E. Bluth, in Magazin fiXr die Wissenschaft des Judenthums, 1891-92 passim; W. Bacher, in Revue des etudes juives, vi (1883), 208-221. On 2; W Bacher, ut sup., xxi (1890), 281-285. On 3: J. Tauber, Standpunkt und Leistung des David Kimchi als Grammatiker , Breslau, 1867; Encyclopaedia Britannica, xiv. 77-78.
KING, HENRY CHURCHILL: Congregationalism b. at Hillsdale, Mich., Sept. 18, 1858. He studied at Hillsdale College, Oberlin College (B.A.,
1879), Oberlin Theological Seminary (from which he was graduated in 1882), Harvard (1882-84) and Berlin (1893-94). While a student in the seminary he was tutor in Latin (1879-81) and mathematics (1881-82) in the preparatory department of his college. He returned to Oberlin in 1884 and was associate professor of mathematics there until 1890, when he was transferred to the department of philosophy, being promoted to a full professorship of the latter subject in the following year. Since 1897 he has been professor of theology in the same institution, of which he was elected sixth president in 1902. He was a member of the committee of ten appointed in 1893 by the National Education Association to report on studies in secondary schools, and has written: Outline of Erdmann's History of Philosophy (New York, 1892); Appeal of the Child (baccalaureate sermons; Oberlin, 1900); Outline of the " Microcosms " of Hermann Lotze (1901); Reconstruction in Theology (New York, 1901); Theology and the Social Consciousness (1902); Personal and Ideal Elements in Education (1904); Rational Living: Some Practical Inferences from Modern Psychology (1905); Letters to Sunday School Teachers on the Great Truths of our Christian Faith (Boston, 1906) ; Seeming Unreality of the Spiritual Life (New York, 1908) ; and Laws of Friendship — Human and Divine (1909).
KING, JOHN: Bishop of London; b. at Worminghall (8 m. e. of Oxford), Buckinghamshire, c. 1559; d. in London Mar. 30, 1621. He studied at the Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1580; M. A., 1583; B.D., 1591; D.D., 1601) and, on taking orders, became domestic chaplain to John Piers, archbishop of York. He was made archdeacon of Nottingham 1590, rector of St. Andrew, Holborn, 1597, prebendary of St. Paul's 1599, dean of Christ Church, Oxford, 1605, prebendary of Lincoln 1610, and bishop of London 1611. He was vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford 1607-10, and was also a royal chaplain, both under Queen Elizabeth and James I., who styled him the " King of preachers." The report that on his death-bed he became reconciled to the Church of Rome is unfounded. He published several single sermons and Lectures upon Jonas, Delivered at Yorke in 1594 (Oxford, 1597), reprinted in
Nichols' Commentaries of the Puritan Period (vol. i., London, 1864).
Bibliography: A. a Wood, Athenae Oxonienses, ed. P.
Bliss, ii. 294, 634, 861, iii. 839, Fasti, i. 248, 255, 4 vols.,
London, 1813-20; DNB, xxxi. 136-138 (where reference
to scattered notices is given).
KING, JONAS: Congregational missionary; b. at Hawley, Mass., July 29, 1792; d. at Athens, Greece, May 22, 1869. He was graduated at Williams College, 1816, and at Andover Theological Seminary, 1819; entered the Congregational ministry; labored as missionary in Syria 1823-26, and in Greece from July, 1828, till his death. From 1821 till 1828 he held (nominally) the professorship of Oriental languages and literature at Amherst and spent a part of his time studying in Paris, with a view to entering upon the duties of his chair. He published several volumes of translations, and original works in modern Greek. His work in Athens