THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
und Tal in Jerusalem (Heidelberg, 1873); Das Buck Baruch (Leipsic, 1879); Die Anfdnge des romischen Christentums (Karlsruhe, 1881); Un~ glavbe oder Glaube? (Heidelberg, 1895); and Die Gleichberechtigung des kirchlichen Liberalismus mit der kirchlichen Rechtgldubigkeit im Lichte des biblischen Christentums, der re/ormatorischen Grundsdtze und des badischen Bekenntnisstandes (1898). KNIGHT, ALBION WILLIAMSON: Protestant Episcopal bishop; b. at White Springs, Fla., Aug. 24, 1859. He studied at the University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., but on account of illness took no degree. In 1881 he was ordered deacon, was ordained priest in 1883, and, after being a missionary in southern Florida 1881-83, held parishes at Palatka, Fla., 1884-86, and Jacksonville, Fla., 1886-93. He was dean of the cathedral at Atlanta, Ga., 1893- 1904, and was consecrated bishop of Cuba in 1904.
KNIGHT, GEORGE THOMSON: Universalist; b. at Windham, Me., Oct. 29, 1850. He was educated at Tufts College (B.A., 1872; M.A., 1875) and at the Tufts Divinity School (B.D., 1875), and has taught in the latter institution since 1875, as instructor in rhetoric and church history 1875-83, as professor of church history 1883-1901, and as professor of Christian theology since 1901. He is also secretary and librarian of the Universalist Historical Society. He has published: The Goodness of God (Boston, 1904); and The Praise of Hypocrisy (Chicago, 1906).
KNIGHT, WILLIAM ALLEN: Congregationalism b. at Milton, Miss., Oct. 20, 1863. He studied at Adalbert College, Western Reserve University, Hiram College, Hiram, O. (B.A., 1889), Oberlin Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1900, and Harvard University (1903-05). He was associate pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Cleveland, O., 1891-94, and became pastor of the First Congregational Church, Saginaw, Mich., in 1894, of the Central Congregational Church, Fall River, Mass., in 1897, and of the Brighton Congregational Church, Boston, in 1902. In theology he belongs to the liberal school, and has written: The Song of our Syrian Guest (Boston, 1903); The Love Watch (1904); Saint Abigail of the Pines (1905); The Tryst by the Sea (1905); and Signs in the Christmas Fire (1908).
KNIPPERDOLLING (KNIPPERDOLLINCK), BERNT: German Anabaptist; born in Munster; executed there Jan. 23, 1536. He came of a respected family and was himself a merchant; he became involved in the riot of 1527 at Miinster and was imprisoned by the bishop, but by a fine secured his release. He adopted the faith of the Anabaptists, sheltered some of the leaders in his house, and was after the victory of the faction made biirgermeister. He aided in the placing of John of Leyden at the head of affairs at Miinster (see Munster, Anabaptists in), and became sword-bearer and then governor; but when the city was retaken, he was captured and put to death. Bibliography: Consult the literature under Munster, Ana-
baptists in.
KNIPSTRO, knip'stro, JOHANNES: German theologian and one of the founders of the Protes-
tant church in Pomerania; b. at Sandau (49 m. n.n.e. of Magdeburg) May 1, 1497; d. at Wolgast (33 m. s.e. of Stralsund) Oct. 4, 1556. Little is known regarding his early life, but in 1516 he went from a Franciscan cloister in Silesia to a Minorite convent at Frankfort-on-the-Oder, probably for the prosecution of his studies there. A legend dating from the end of the seventeenth century describes Knipstro as meeting and overcoming the celebrated Tetzel in a public debate on indulgences in Jan. 1518, but earlier sources contain nothing to support this tradition. It is more correct to say that Knipstro embraced the teachings of Luther at an early age, and that about the year 1521 he began to preach the new doctrines publicly at Pyritz, whither he had been transferred in the hope of counteracting his heretical tendencies. Erasmus of Manteuffel, bishop of Cammin, ordered the arrest of Knipstro, who succeeded in making his escape to Stettin and was a preacher in Stralsund in Nov., 1525. There he remained till 1531, taking an important part in the organization of the church system and acting as a zealous supporter of the Lutheran doctrine against the principles of Zwinglianism which found favor among some of his colleagues. After two years' sojourn in Greifswald Knipstro returned to Stralsund, where he rose to a position of eminence, and continually endeavored to impress conservative Lutheranism on the religious life of the city. He represented Stralsund in the important religious assembly of the Hansa towns which met at Hamburg in 1535, and subsequently became court preacher to Duke Philip of Pomerania- Wolgast. When the country was divided into the three sees of Wolgast, Stettin, and Stolp, Knipstro was appointed general superintendent of the first diocese, displaying in the performance of his office an active zeal for the improvement of discipline and the moral uplifting of the clergy. From 1539 to 1541 he was professor of theology at the new University of Greifswald, and though he held no academic degree, he continued uninterruptedly to fill this position after 1543, resigning his pastorate in Wolgast. In 1552, however, he left Greifswald and returned to his parish. Together with Paul von Rode, he drew up, in 1542, a new constitution for the church which was adopted by the provincial synods. Toward the Interim Knipstro maintained an attitude of politic compromise in deference to the wishes of Duke Philip, who nominally accepted it for his dominions and made his peace with the emperor. In the Osiandrian controversy which broke out soon after, Knipstro, as an opponent of Osiander, entered into controversy with Petrus Artopous of Stettin, and published, in accordance with the instructions of the synod, his Antwort der Theologen und Pasioren in Pommern auf die Confession A . Osiandri (W lttenberg, 1552). The dispute lasted several years and resulted in the deposition of Artopous.
Of far greater importance was the contest which Knipstro carried on against Johann Freder over the question of ordination, a controversy in which political and doctrinal interests were closely intermingled. Freder, who was a brother-in-law of Justus Jonas, had been summoned from a tutorial position to the post of preacher in the Hamburg