RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Komandei? Korea
of Middelburg in 1581, and in 1582 he was excommunicated at the Synod of Haarlem, though this excommunication was soon annulled. On account of the continued opposition of the clergy he finally withdrew from the Church and earned his living as a distiller. He was a follower of Luther, rather than of Calvin. For his opposition to the restrictions placed upon the Church by ecclesiastical formularies he must be regarded as a forerunner of Arminiusandthe Remonstrants. (H. C. RoGGEf.)
Bibliography: H. C. Rogge, Caspar Janszoon Coolhaes, de voorlooper van Arminius en der Remonstranten, 2 vols., Amsterdam, 1856-58.
KOPP, GEORG: German cardinal; b. at Duderstadt (15 m. e. of Gottingen) July 27, 1837. He studied at the Gymnasium of Hildesheim, and after being a telegrapher in the service of the Hanoverian government (1856-58) studied theology at the episcopal seminary in Hildesheim (1858-61). In 1862 he was ordained to the priesthood, and was then vicar of a school at Henneckenrode and curate at Detf urt until 1865, when he became assistant to the vicargeneral at Hildesheim. In 1870 he was created apostolic prothonotary, and in 1872 became a member of the chapter of the cathedral at Hildesheim and vicar-general of the diocese. In 1881 he was consecrated bishop of Fulda, and in 1887 became princebishop of Breslau. In 1893 he was created cardinalpriest of Santa Agnese fuori le Mura. He was a member of the Prussian house of deputies in 1884- 1886, and since 1886 has been a member of the upper house. He is a domestic prelate of the pope.
Bibliography: Der Papst, die Regierung, und die Verwaltung der heiligen Kirche in Rom, pp. 185, 187-188, Munich, 1904.
KORAH, ko'ra, KORAHITES: Names which appear in three connections in the Old Testament: (1) As an Edomitic stock or clan (Gen. xxxvi. 5, 14, 16, 18; I Chron. i. 35); (2) as a family (or city) belonging to the descendants of Caleb, reckoned as Judahites (I Chron. ii. 43 and perhaps I Chron. xii. 6) ; (3) most frequently as descendants of Levi, belonging to the family of Kohath in the genealogies of Ex. vi. 21, 24; I Chron. vi. 22, ix. 15, xxvi. 1. Num. xxvi. 58 departs from the usual division of the Levi stock into three branches and makes the Korahite family one of five. Num. xvi.-xvii. deals with the Kohathite Korah in connection with the rebellion of Dathan and Abiram; the Chronicler makes the Korahites doorkeepers of the sanctuary (I Chron. ix. 19, 26, 31). The Korahites appear also in the superscriptions of Ps. xlii., xliv.-xlix., lxxxiv., Ixxxv., lxxxvii., lxxxviii.
Of special importance is the passage Num. xvi.xvii., formerly thought to be a unit, but shown by Kuenen to be composed of three narratives woven together and differing in their representations. J makes Dathan and Abiram the opponents of the leadership of Moses, P makes Korah the representative of the laity against Moses and Aaron who stand for the priesthood, while the third element regards Korah as a non-priestly Levite who champions the cause of the Levites against the exclusive priestly claims of the Aaronites. Evidently the Korah of these chapters is the Korah of (3) above (cf. Num. xxvi. 11); p must have regarded Korah as a Levite,
and the editor evidently had a pragmatic aim in combining the narratives. Difficulties arise regarding the historicity of the P narrative, though traditional material is employed. Two Korahs — (2) and (3) above — may have been confused in the combination, but from all passages cited above no secure history of the family can be deduced.
In clearer but not altogether consistent form is the Levitical relationship of the Korahitic Levites set forth in Chronicles and in the priest code. The former (I., ix. 19) regards the Korahites as doorkeepers of the sanctuary; the latter gives them more minute and particular temple service (Num. iii. 31). In the older parts of Ezra-Nehemiah the singers and doorkeepers are not reckoned to the Levites but are a special division. The Sons of Korah of the inscriptions of the Psalms appear in Chronicles as doorkeepers, not as singers. Yet in II Chron. xx. 19 the Kohathites and Korahites appear as singers, and I Chron. vi. 18 sqq. makes Heman to be of Kohathite stock, while I Chron. ix. 33 closes the preceding list of Levites with the words " and these are the singers." Thus the line between doorkeepers and singers is not sharply drawn by the Chronicler, and the title of the Psalms cited, " for the Sons of Korah," does not find satisfactory support in Chronicles and appears to be based on some variant system. It is hardly probable, however, that a new gild of singers was organized in times after the Chronicles to which the name " sons of Korah " was given; possibly this designation was a collective term embracing the doorkeepers and the singers and was used in the Greek period, to which Ps. xliv. belongs.
(F. Buhl.)
Bibliography: W. von Baudissin, Geschichte des alttestamentlichen Priestertums, Leipsic, 1889; A. Kuenen, ThT, xii (1878), 139 sqq.; B. W Bacon, Triple Tradition of the Exodus, pp. 190 sqq., Hartford, 1894; J. Kbberle, Die Tempelsanger im A. T., pp. 182 sqq., Erlangen, 1899; J. E. Carpenter and G. Harford-Battersby, Composition of the Hexateuch, ii. 212 sqq., London, 1902; Smith, OTJC, pp. 204 sqq.; Driver, Introduction, pp. 59-61; DB, iii. 11-12; EB, ii. 2686-88; JE, vii. 556-567; and, in genera], literature on the Hexateuch.
KORAN. See Mohammed, Mohammedanism. KOREA.
I. The Land and People. II. Missions.
Extent, Climate, Resources Roman Catholic Missions
(§ 1). (§ 1).
Government and Recent Protestant Missions (§ 2).