RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Lactioinia Lagarde
schichte des sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhunderts (1863); De Leonis Allatii codicibus qui Romce in bibliotheca Vallicellana asservantur (1864); In decreta concilii Ruthenorum Zamosciensis animadversiones theologico-canonicce (1865); Ccelestis urbs Jerusalem (1866); Meletematum Romanorum mantissa (1876); De martyrologio Romano (1878); Institutionen des katholischen Kirchenrechts (1886); and De Cmsaris Baronii literarum commercio (1903).
LjETARE SUNDAY: The fourth Sunday in Lent, so called from the first word of the introit of the mass, Icetare, " rejoice "; it is also called Dominica de rosa, because the day selected by the pope for the blessing of the Golden Rose (q.v.).
LAGARDE, la"gard', PAUL ANTON DE: German Orientalist; b. at Berlin Nov. 2, 1827; d. at Gottingen Dec. 22, 1891. His family name was Botticher, for which in 1854 he substituted Lagarde, the name of a grand-aunt who had part in his early education. He studied at Berlin 1844-46, and at Halle 1846-47, again at Berlin 1847-49; became privat-docent at Halle 1851; traveled in the interest of philosophical studies to London and Paris 1852-53; passed the next year at Halle; taught school at Berlin 1854-66; under a grant from the king spent two and a half years in work upon the Septuagint; was called as professor of oriental languages to Gottingen in succession to Ewald 1869, and labored there till his death.
Judgments of Lagarde have varied greatly. His nature was undoubtedly erratic, and hardships and misunderstandings embittered his life. He has been characterized as a prophet, who raised his voice against abuses in Church and State, education and worship, society and culture. It did not disturb him in the least that his voice was often that of one crying in the wilderness. He was also a poet, and several of his compositions have found place in popular collections. His political activity may be dismissed with the mere mention, though it was by no means least characteristic. But whatever may be thought of his activity in other fields, his importance in the world of scholarship is unquestionable. His knowledge of Oriental languages was monumental; he was master of Arabic, Aramaic, Armenian, Coptic, Hebrew, Persian, Syriac, and other Eastern tongues, and thus was enabled to do work in comparative linguistics which almost no other has been fitted to carry out. This profound erudition he gave to the service of the Old and the New Testament and to patristics, using it in the careful editing of texts, which he carried through with a thoroughness producing intense satisfaction among scholars and causing great regret that his life could not have been spared to complete some of the works which he only commenced. This is especially true of his labors upon the text of the Septuagint (Librorum Veteris Testamenti canonicorum, pars %., Grace, Gottingen, 1883). He left his property to the Royal Society of Gottingen. A supplementary fund has been raised to his memory, devoted to the edition of works belonging to the culture of the Middle Ages, ecclesiastical texts and scholastic writings, and Semitic literature. Through the mediation of Paul
Haupt his library was bought by the University of the City of New York.
Lagarde's literary activities were immense. R. J. H. Gottheil has published an incomplete bibliography (Proceedings of the American Oriental Society, 1892, pp. ccxi.ccxxix.), which includes 297 publications. Almost all of Lagarde's works were published at his own expense. Among those which he edited or wrote the following are noteworthy: Horee Aramaicoe (Berlin, 1847); Rudimenta mythologice Semitica supplementa lexici Aramaici (1848); Arica (Halle, 1851); Epistoloe Novi Testamenti Coptice (1852); Didascalia apostolorum Syriace (Leipsic, 1854); Zur Urgeschichte der Armenier (1854); Reliquiae juris ecclesiastici antiquissimce Syriace, Greece (2 parts, 1856). Analecta Syriaca, appendix Arabica (2 parts, 1858); Hippolyti Romani quo; feruntur omnia Greece (1858); Titi Bostreni contra Manicha;os libri quatuor Syriace (Berlin, 1859); Titi Bostreni quo3 ex opere contra Manichceos in Codice Hamburgensi servata sunt Greece; accedunt Iulii Romani epistulce et Gregorii Thaumaturgi /card nepos 7ri<7Tis (1859); Geoponicon in sermonem Syriacum versorum quae supersunt (Leipsic, 1860); Clementis Romani recognitiones Syriace (1861); Libri Veteris Testamenti apocryphi Syriace (1861); Constitution's apostolorum Greece (1862); Anmerkungen zur griechischen Uebersetzung der Proverbien (1863); Die vier Evangelien aus der Wiener Handschrift herausgegeben (1864); Clementina (1865); Gesammelte Abhandlungen (1866); Der Pentateuch Koptisch (1867); Materialen zur Geschichte und Kritik des Pentateuch (1867); Genesis Groece (1868); Hieronymi quoestiones Hebraicm in libra Genesis (1868); Beitrage zur baktrischen Lexicographic (1868); Onomastica sacra (Gottingen, 1872); Prophetos Chaldaice (Leipsic, 1872); Hagiographa Chaldaice (1872); Psalterium juxta Hebrceos Hieronymi (1874); Psalmi 1—49 Arabice in usum scholarum (1875); Psalterii versio Memphitica (Gottingen, 1875); Psalterium, Job, Proverbia Arabice (1876); Armenische Studien (1878); Symmicta (2 vols., 1877-80); Semitica (2 parts, 1878-79); Deutsche Schriften (1878; 4th complete ed., with portrait, 1903); Prcster missorum libri duo (1879); Orientalia (2 parts, 1879-80); Aus dem deutschen Gelehrtenleben (1880); Veteris Testamenti ab Origene recensiti fragments apud Syros servata quinque (1880); Die lateinischen Uebersetzungen des Ignatius (1882); Ankundigung einer neuen Ausgabe der griechischen Uebersetzung des A, T. (1882); Librorum Veteris Testamenti canonicorum, pars i., Greece (1883); Iud& Harizii macamce Hebraice (1883); Petri Hispani (Pedro de Alcala) de lingua Arabica libri duo (1883); Persische Studien (1884); Mittheilungen (4 vols., 1884-91); Probe einer neuen Ausgabe der lateinischen Uebersetzungen des A. T. (1885); Die revidierte Lutherbibel des halleschen Waisenhauses, besprochen (1885); Catence in etangelia Mgyptiacm quae supersunt (1886); Erinnerungen an Friedrich Riickert (1886); Neu-Griechisches aus Klein- Asien (1886); Juden und Indogermanen (1887); Purim; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Religion (1887); Agathangelus und die Akten Gregors von Armenien, neu herausgegeben (1887); G. Bruno, Opere italiane, ristampate da P de Lagarde (2 vols., 1888); Uebersicht uber die im Aramaischen, Arabischen, und Hebraischen ubliche Bildung der Nomina (1889); Ueber einige Berliner Theologen und was von ihnen zu lernen ist (1890); Altes und Neues uber das Weihnachtsfest (1891); Septuaginta-Studien (2 parts, 1891-92); Bibliothecce Syriacce (1892). A collected edition of his Gedichte was issued by his wife (Gottingen, 1897).
E. Nestle.
Bibliography: Autobiographic material is found in his Mitteilungen, iii. 34 sqq.; Symmicta, i. 227-232; in his edition of the Greek O. T., pp. 542-544. Besides the bibliography of Gottheil, ut sup., S. R. Driver noticed several of Lagarde's works in the Contemporary Review, March, 1889. Nestle has in hand a complete bibliography of Lagarde's writings. The one biography of note is by his wife, Anna de Lagarde, Paul de Lagarde; Erinnerungen aus seinem Leben fur die Freunde, Gottingen, 1894. The oration at the burial, by V. von Wilamowitz-Mollendorf, is reproduced in the latter's Reden und Vortrage, pp. 90-96, 117, Berlin, 1901; a memorial oration by J. Wellhausen is in Gottinger Gelehrte Nachrichten, 1894, pp. 49 sqq. Later sketches are: E. Wolff, Paul de Lagarde, Kiel, 1892; K. Albrecht, Paul de Lagarde, Berlin, 1901; E. Platzhoff-Lejeune, Paul de Lagarde, ib. 1903. Magazine articles are: A. Neubauer, in Athenceum, Jan. 9,
Lainez
Lamaism